--- title: Genesis 11:3 — And they said one to another: 'Come, let us make brick, and burn the… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And they said one to another: 'Come, let us make brick, and burn them thoroughly.' And they had brick for stone, and slime had they for mortar. Who acts: language, slime. Genesis 11:3 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.11.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/11/) / 11:3 # Genesis 11:3 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** language, slime · **What happens:** say, come, let, make, burn, have · **To what, where:** one, us, brick, language · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 11:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — language, slime — and what happens in the verse to one, us, brick, language, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּאמְר֞וּ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֗הוּ הָ֚בָה נִלְבְּנָ֣ה לְבֵנִ֔ים וְנִשְׂרְפָ֖ה לִשְׂרֵפָ֑ה וַתְּהִ֨י לָהֶ֤ם הַלְּבֵנָה֙ לְאָ֔בֶן וְהַ֣חֵמָ֔ר הָיָ֥ה לָהֶ֖ם לַחֹֽמֶר׃ [And they said one to another: 'Come, let us make brick, and burn them thoroughly.' And they had brick for stone, and slime had they for mortar.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.281/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:269 # text = וַיֹּאמְר֞וּ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֗הוּ הָ֚בָה נִלְבְּנָ֣ה לְבֵנִ֔ים וְנִשְׂרְפָ֖ה לִשְׂרֵפָ֑ה וַתְּהִ֨י לָהֶ֤ם הַלְּבֵנָה֙ לְאָ֔בֶן וְהַ֣חֵמָ֔ר הָיָ֥ה לָהֶ֖ם לַחֹֽמֶר׃ # verse = GEN.11.3 1-2 וַיֹּאמְר֞וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_11:3!1|MId=o010110030011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּאמְר֞וּ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=GEN_11:3!1|MId=o010110030012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010110010032;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=each|Ref=GEN_11:3!2|MId=o010110030021|Strong=0376 4 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_11:3!3|MId=o010110030031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 רֵעֵ֗הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 רֵע רֵעַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 nmod _ Gloss=neighbor|Ref=GEN_11:3!4|MId=o010110030041|Strong=7453 6 ֵ֗הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=GEN_11:3!4|MId=o010110030042|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 7-8 הָ֚בָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הָ֚ב יָהַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=give|Ref=GEN_11:3!5|MId=o010110030051|Strong=3051|Frame=A0:010110030041;|Type=imperative 8 ָה ה X _ _ 7 nmod _ Gloss=|Ref=GEN_11:3!5|MId=o010110030052|Strong=1886j|Type=paragogic_he 9 נִלְבְּנָ֣ה לָבַן VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 7 parataxis _ Gloss=let.us.make.bricks|Ref=GEN_11:3!6|MId=o010110030061|Strong=3835a|Frame=A0:010110010032;A1:010110030071;|Type=cohortative 10 לְבֵנִ֔ים לְבֵנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 9 obj _ Gloss=bricks|Ref=GEN_11:3!7|MId=o010110030071|Strong=3843 11-12 וְנִשְׂרְפָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_11:3!8|MId=o010110030081|Strong=2050b 12 נִשְׂרְפָ֖ה שָׂרַף VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 7 conj _ Gloss=let.us.burn.[them]|Ref=GEN_11:3!8|MId=o010110030082|Strong=8313|Frame=A0:010110010032;A1:010110030071;|Type=cohortative 13-14 לִשְׂרֵפָ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_11:3!9|MId=o010110030091|Strong=3807a 14 שְׂרֵפָ֑ה שְׂרֵפָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=burning|Ref=GEN_11:3!9|MId=o010110030092|Strong=8316 15-16 וַתְּהִ֨י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_11:3!10|MId=o010110030101|Strong=2050b 16 תְּהִ֨י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.became|Ref=GEN_11:3!10|MId=o010110030102|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:010110030122;|Type=wayyiqtol 17-18 לָהֶ֤ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 ל לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=GEN_11:3!11|MId=o010110030111|Strong=3807a 18 ָהֶ֤ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=GEN_11:3!11|MId=o010110030112|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 19-20 הַלְּבֵנָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=GEN_11:3!12|MId=o010110030121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 לְּבֵנָה֙ לְבֵנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ Gloss=brick|Ref=GEN_11:3!12|MId=o010110030122|Strong=3843 21-22 לְאָ֔בֶן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_11:3!13|MId=o010110030131|Strong=3807a 22 אָ֔בֶן אֶבֶן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 16 obl _ Gloss=stone|Ref=GEN_11:3!13|MId=o010110030132|Strong=0068 23-25 וְהַ֣חֵמָ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_11:3!14|MId=o010110030141|Strong=2050b 24 הַ֣ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=GEN_11:3!14|MId=o010110030142|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 חֵמָ֔ר חֵמָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ Gloss=bitumen|Ref=GEN_11:3!14|MId=o010110030143|Strong=2564 26 הָיָ֥ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 31 cop _ Gloss=it.became|Ref=GEN_11:3!15|MId=o010110030151|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:010110030143;|Type=qatal 27-28 לָהֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 ל לְ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=GEN_11:3!16|MId=o010110030161|Strong=3807a 28 ָהֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=GEN_11:3!16|MId=o010110030162|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 29-31 לַחֹֽמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_11:3!17|MId=o010110030171|Strong=3807a 30 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=GEN_11:3!17|MId=o010110030171ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 חֹֽמֶר חֹמֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=mortar|Ref=GEN_11:3!17|MId=o010110030172|Strong=2563b 32 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 31 punct _ Ref=GEN_11:3!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמְרוּ *they said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | הָב *give* | imperative · qal | רֵע *neighbor* | | | | | נִלְבְּנָה *let us make bricks* | cohortative · qal | | לְבֵנִים *bricks* | | | | נִשְׂרְפָה *let us burn \[them\]* | cohortative · qal | | לְבֵנִים *bricks* | | | | תְּהִי *it became* | wayyiqtol · qal | לְּבֵנָה *brick* | | | | | הָיָה *it became* | qatal · qal | חֵמָר *bitumen* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַאֲמָרוּ גְּבַר לְחַבְרֵהּ הָבוּ נִרְמֵי לִבְנִין וְנוֹקְדִינוּן בְּנוּרָא יוֹקַדְתָּא (נ''י בְּנוּרָא) וַהֲוַת לְהוֹן לְבִנְתָּא לְאַבְנָא וְחֵימָרָא הֲוָה לְהוֹן לְשִׁיעַ The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And they said one to another: 'Come, let us make brick, and burn them thoroughly.' And they had brick for stone, and slime had they for mortar.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.281/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:269`. - ← previous: [Genesis 11:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.11.2/) - next →: [Genesis 11:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.11.4/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/11/)