--- title: Genesis 12:19 — Why saidst thou: She is my sister? so that I took her to be my wife;… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Why saidst thou: She is my sister? so that I took her to be my wife; now therefore behold thy wife, take her, and go thy way.' Who acts: thou, Pharaoh, I. Genesis 12:19 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.12.19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/12/) / 12:19 # Genesis 12:19 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** thou, Pharaoh, I · **What happens:** say, be, take, behold, go · **To what, where:** sister, Pharaoh, wife, way · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 12:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — thou, Pharaoh, I — and what happens in the verse to sister, Pharaoh, wife, way, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. לָמָ֤ה אָמַ֙רְתָּ֙ אֲחֹ֣תִי הִ֔וא וָאֶקַּ֥ח אֹתָ֛הּ לִ֖י לְאִשָּׁ֑ה וְעַתָּ֕ה הִנֵּ֥ה אִשְׁתְּךָ֖ קַ֥ח וָלֵֽךְ׃ [Why saidst thou: She is my sister? so that I took her to be my wife; now therefore behold thy wife, take her, and go thy way.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.332/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:317 # text = לָמָ֤ה אָמַ֙רְתָּ֙ אֲחֹ֣תִי הִ֔וא וָאֶקַּ֥ח אֹתָ֛הּ לִ֖י לְאִשָּׁ֑ה וְעַתָּ֕ה הִנֵּ֥ה אִשְׁתְּךָ֖ קַ֥ח וָלֵֽךְ׃ # verse = GEN.12.19 1-2 לָמָ֤ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 לָ לָמָה ADP _ _ 2 case _ Gloss=|Ref=GEN_12:19!1|MId=o010120190011|Strong=3807a 2 מָ֤ה מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 3 obl _ Gloss=why?|Ref=GEN_12:19!1|MId=o010120190012|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 3 אָמַ֙רְתָּ֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=did.you.say|Ref=GEN_12:19!2|MId=o010120190021|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010120180032;A1:010120190031;|Type=qatal 4-5 אֲחֹ֣תִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 אֲחֹ֣ת אָחוֹת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 ccomp _ Gloss=sister|Ref=GEN_12:19!3|MId=o010120190031|Strong=0269 5 ִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[is].my|Ref=GEN_12:19!3|MId=o010120190032|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 6 הִ֔וא הִיא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ Gloss=she|Ref=GEN_12:19!4|MId=o010120190041|Strong=1931a|Type=personal 7-8 וָאֶקַּ֥ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_12:19!5|MId=o010120190051|Strong=2050b 8 אֶקַּ֥ח לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 3 conj _ Gloss=I.took|Ref=GEN_12:19!5|MId=o010120190052|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:010120180021;A1:010120190062;|Type=wayyiqtol 9-10 אֹתָ֛הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=|Ref=GEN_12:19!6|MId=o010120190061|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 10 ָ֛הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 obj _ Gloss=her|Ref=GEN_12:19!6|MId=o010120190062|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 11-12 לִ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 ל לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=GEN_12:19!7|MId=o010120190071|Strong=3807a 12 ִ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 8 obl _ Gloss=myself|Ref=GEN_12:19!7|MId=o010120190072|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 13-14 לְאִשָּׁ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_12:19!8|MId=o010120190081|Strong=3807a 14 אִשָּׁ֑ה אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=a.wife|Ref=GEN_12:19!8|MId=o010120190082|Strong=0802 15-16 וְעַתָּ֕ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_12:19!9|MId=o010120190091|Strong=2050b 16 עַתָּ֕ה עַתָּה ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ Gloss=now|Ref=GEN_12:19!9|MId=o010120190092|Strong=6258 17 הִנֵּ֥ה הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 18 discourse _ Gloss=here!|Ref=GEN_12:19!10|MId=o010120190101|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 18-19 אִשְׁתְּךָ֖ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 אִשְׁתּ אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 parataxis _ Gloss=wife|Ref=GEN_12:19!11|MId=o010120190111|Strong=0802 19 ְךָ֖ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=GEN_12:19!11|MId=o010120190112|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 20 קַ֥ח לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 3 parataxis _ Gloss=take.[her]|Ref=GEN_12:19!12|MId=o010120190121|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:010120180032;A1:010120190062;|Type=imperative 21-22 וָלֵֽךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_12:19!13|MId=o010120190131|Strong=2050b 22 לֵֽךְ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 3 conj _ Gloss=go|Ref=GEN_12:19!13|MId=o010120190132|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:010120180032;|Type=imperative 23 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 22 punct _ Ref=GEN_12:19!13 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אָמַרְתָּ *did you say* | qatal · qal | | אֲחֹת *sister* | | | | אֶקַּח *I took* | wayyiqtol · qal | | ָהּ *her* | | | | קַח *take \[her\]* | imperative · qal | | ָהּ *her* | | | | לֵֽךְ *go* | imperative · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} לְמָא אֲמַרְתְּ אֲחָתִי הִיא וּדְבָרִית יָתַהּ לִי לְאִתּוּ וּכְעַן הָא אִתְּתָךְ דְּבַר וְאִיזֵל The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Why saidst thou: She is my sister? so that I took her to be my wife; now therefore behold thy wife, take her, and go thy way.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.332/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:317`. - ← previous: [Genesis 12:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.12.18/) - next →: [Genesis 12:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.12.20/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/12/)