--- title: Genesis 14:2 — that they made war with Bera king of Sodom, and with Birsha king of… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: that they made war with Bera king of Sodom, and with Birsha king of Gomorrah, Shinab king of Admah, and Shemeber king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela — the same is Zoar. Who acts: they, same. Genesis 14:2 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every claus --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.14.2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/14/) / 14:2 # Genesis 14:2 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** they, same · **What happens:** make, be · **To what, where:** war, Zoar This is Genesis 14:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — they, same — and what happens in the verse to war, Zoar, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. עָשׂ֣וּ מִלְחָמָ֗ה אֶת־בֶּ֙רַע֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ סְדֹ֔ם וְאֶת־בִּרְשַׁ֖ע מֶ֣לֶךְ עֲמֹרָ֑ה שִׁנְאָ֣ב ׀ מֶ֣לֶךְ אַדְמָ֗ה וְשֶׁמְאֵ֙בֶר֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ צְבוֹיִ֔יםוּמֶ֥לֶךְ בֶּ֖לַע הִיא־צֹֽעַר׃ [that they made war with Bera king of Sodom, and with Birsha king of Gomorrah, Shinab king of Admah, and Shemeber king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela — the same is Zoar.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.354/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:338 # text = עָשׂ֣וּ מִלְחָמָ֗ה אֶת־בֶּ֙רַע֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ סְדֹ֔ם וְאֶת־בִּרְשַׁ֖ע מֶ֣לֶךְ עֲמֹרָ֑ה שִׁנְאָ֣ב ׀ מֶ֣לֶךְ אַדְמָ֗ה וְשֶׁמְאֵ֙בֶר֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ צְבוֹיִ֔יםוּמֶ֥לֶךְ בֶּ֖לַע הִיא־צֹֽעַר׃ # verse = GEN.14.2 1 עָשׂ֣וּ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.made|Ref=GEN_14:2!1|MId=o010140020011|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:010140010031;010140010061;010140010091;010140010122;A1:010140020021;|Type=qatal 2 מִלְחָמָ֗ה מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 1 obj _ Gloss=war|Ref=GEN_14:2!2|MId=o010140020021|Strong=4421 3 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=GEN_14:2!3|MId=o010140020031|Strong=0854|SpaceAfter=No 4 בֶּ֙רַע֙ בֶּרַע PROPN _ _ 1 obl _ Gloss=Bera|Ref=GEN_14:2!4|MId=o010140020041|Strong=1298 5 מֶ֣לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 appos _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=GEN_14:2!5|MId=o010140020051|Strong=4428 6 סְדֹ֔ם סְדֹם PROPN _ _ 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Sodom|Ref=GEN_14:2!6|MId=o010140020061|Strong=5467 7-8 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_14:2!7|MId=o010140020071|Strong=2050b 8 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=GEN_14:2!7|MId=o010140020072|Strong=0854 9 בִּרְשַׁ֖ע בִּרְשַׁע PROPN _ _ 4 conj _ Gloss=Birsha|Ref=GEN_14:2!8|MId=o010140020081|Strong=1306 10 מֶ֣לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 appos _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=GEN_14:2!9|MId=o010140020091|Strong=4428 11 עֲמֹרָ֑ה עֲמֹרָה PROPN _ _ 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Gomorrah|Ref=GEN_14:2!10|MId=o010140020101|Strong=6017 12 שִׁנְאָ֣ב שִׁנְאָב PROPN _ _ 9 conj _ Gloss=Shinab|Ref=GEN_14:2!11|MId=o010140020111|Strong=8134 13 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 12 punct _ Ref=GEN_14:2!11 14 מֶ֣לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 appos _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=GEN_14:2!12|MId=o010140020121|Strong=4428 15 אַדְמָ֗ה אַדְמָה PROPN _ _ 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Admah|Ref=GEN_14:2!13|MId=o010140020131|Strong=0126 16-17 וְשֶׁמְאֵ֙בֶר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_14:2!14|MId=o010140020141|Strong=2050b 17 שֶׁמְאֵ֙בֶר֙ שֶׁמְאֵבֶר PROPN _ _ 9 conj _ Gloss=Shemeber|Ref=GEN_14:2!14|MId=o010140020142|Strong=8038 18 מֶ֣לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 appos _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=GEN_14:2!15|MId=o010140020151|Strong=4428 19-21 צְבוֹיִ֔יםוּמֶ֥לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 צְבוֹיִ֔ים צְבֹאיִם PROPN _ _ 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Zeboiim|Ref=GEN_14:2!17|MId=o010140020171|Strong=6636 20 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_14:2!18|MId=o010140020181|Strong=2050b 21 מֶ֥לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 conj _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=GEN_14:2!18|MId=o010140020182|Strong=4428 22 בֶּ֖לַע בֶּלַע PROPN _ _ 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Bela|Ref=GEN_14:2!19|MId=o010140020191|Strong=1106a 23 הִיא־ הִיא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj _ Gloss=that|Ref=GEN_14:2!20|MId=o010140020201|Strong=1931a|Type=personal|SpaceAfter=No 24 צֹֽעַר צֹעַר PROPN _ _ 22 acl _ Gloss=[is].Zoar|Ref=GEN_14:2!21|MId=o010140020211|Strong=6820|SpaceAfter=No 25 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 24 punct _ Ref=GEN_14:2!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | עָשׂוּ *they made* | qatal · qal | | מִלְחָמָה *war* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} סְדָרוּ (נ''א עֲבָדוּ) קְרָבָא עִם בֶּרַע מַלְכָּא דִסְדוֹם וְעִם בִּרְשַׁע מַלְכָּא דַעֲמֹרָה שִׁנְאָב מַלְכָּא דְאַדְמָה וְשֶׁמְאֵבֶר מַלְכָּא דִצְבוֹיִם וּמַלְכָּא דְבֶלַּע הִיא צוֹעַר The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [that they made war with Bera king of Sodom, and with Birsha king of Gomorrah, Shinab king of Admah, and Shemeber king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela — the same is Zoar.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.354/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:338`. - ← previous: [Genesis 14:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.14.1/) - next →: [Genesis 14:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.14.3/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/14/)