--- title: Genesis 15:17 — And it came to pass, that, when the sun went down, and there was thi… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass, that, when the sun went down, and there was thick darkness, behold a smoking furnace, and a flaming torch that passed between these pieces. Who acts: iniquity, sun, thick darkness, flaming torch. Genesis 15:17 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.15.17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/15/) / 15:17 # Genesis 15:17 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** iniquity, sun, thick darkness, flaming torch · **What happens:** come, pass, go down, be · **To what, where:** pieces This is Genesis 15:17 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — iniquity, sun, thick darkness, flaming torch — and what happens in the verse to pieces, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְהִ֤י הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ בָּ֔אָה וַעֲלָטָ֖ה הָיָ֑ה וְהִנֵּ֨ה תַנּ֤וּר עָשָׁן֙ וְלַפִּ֣יד אֵ֔שׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָבַ֔ר בֵּ֖ין הַגְּזָרִ֥ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ [And it came to pass, that, when the sun went down, and there was thick darkness, behold a smoking furnace, and a flaming torch that passed between these pieces.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.393/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:377 # text = וַיְהִ֤י הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ בָּ֔אָה וַעֲלָטָ֖ה הָיָ֑ה וְהִנֵּ֨ה תַנּ֤וּר עָשָׁן֙ וְלַפִּ֣יד אֵ֔שׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָבַ֔ר בֵּ֖ין הַגְּזָרִ֥ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ # verse = GEN.15.17 1-2 וַיְהִ֤י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_15:17!1|MId=o010150170011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהִ֤י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=GEN_15:17!1|MId=o010150170012|Strong=1961|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_15:17!2|MId=o010150170021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 שֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ שֶׁמֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ Gloss=sun|Ref=GEN_15:17!2|MId=o010150170022|Strong=8121 5 בָּ֔אָה בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=it.had.gone|Ref=GEN_15:17!3|MId=o010150170031|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:010150170022;|Type=qatal 6-7 וַעֲלָטָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_15:17!4|MId=o010150170041|Strong=2050b 7 עֲלָטָ֖ה עֲלָטָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ Gloss=darkness|Ref=GEN_15:17!4|MId=o010150170042|Strong=5939 8 הָיָ֑ה הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=GEN_15:17!5|MId=o010150170051|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:010150170042;|Type=qatal 9-10 וְהִנֵּ֨ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_15:17!6|MId=o010150170061|Strong=2050b 10 הִנֵּ֨ה הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 11 discourse _ Gloss=there!|Ref=GEN_15:17!6|MId=o010150170062|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 11 תַנּ֤וּר תַּנּוּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=a.fire.pot|Ref=GEN_15:17!7|MId=o010150170071|Strong=8574 12 עָשָׁן֙ עָשָׁן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.smoke|Ref=GEN_15:17!8|MId=o010150170081|Strong=6227 13-14 וְלַפִּ֣יד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_15:17!9|MId=o010150170091|Strong=2050b 14 לַפִּ֣יד לַפִּיד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 conj _ Gloss=a.torch|Ref=GEN_15:17!9|MId=o010150170092|Strong=3940 15 אֵ֔שׁ אֵשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.fire|Ref=GEN_15:17!10|MId=o010150170101|Strong=0784 16 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 17 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=GEN_15:17!11|MId=o010150170111|Strong=0834|Type=relative 17 עָבַ֔ר עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 11 acl:relcl _ Gloss=it.passed|Ref=GEN_15:17!12|MId=o010150170121|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:010150170071;010150170092;|Type=qatal 18 בֵּ֖ין בֵּין ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=between|Ref=GEN_15:17!13|MId=o010150170131|Strong=0996 19-20 הַגְּזָרִ֥ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_15:17!14|MId=o010150170141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 גְּזָרִ֥ים גֶּזֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 obl _ Gloss=pieces|Ref=GEN_15:17!14|MId=o010150170142|Strong=1506 21-22 הָאֵֽלֶּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=GEN_15:17!15|MId=o010150170151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 אֵֽלֶּה אֵלֶּה DET _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 20 det _ Gloss=these|Ref=GEN_15:17!15|MId=o010150170152|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 23 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 22 punct _ Ref=GEN_15:17!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | בָּאָה *it had gone* | qatal · qal | שֶּׁמֶשׁ *sun* | | | | | הָיָה *it was* | qatal · qal | עֲלָטָה *darkness* | | | | | עָבַר *it passed* | qatal · qal | תַנּוּר *a fire pot* + לַפִּיד *a torch* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַהֲוָה שִׁמְשָׁא עַלַת וְקִבְלָא הֲוָה וְהָא תַּנוּר דִתְנַן וּבָעוּר דְאֶשָׁתָא דִעֲדָא בֵּין פַּלְגַיָא הָאִלֵין The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it came to pass, that, when the sun went down, and there was thick darkness, behold a smoking furnace, and a flaming torch that passed between these pieces.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.393/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:377`. - ← previous: [Genesis 15:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.15.16/) - next →: [Genesis 15:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.15.18/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/15/)