--- title: Genesis 16:8 — And he said: 'Hagar, Sarai's handmaid, whence camest thou? and whith… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And he said: 'Hagar, Sarai's handmaid, whence camest thou? and whither goest thou?' And she said: 'I flee from the face of my mistress Sarai.' Who acts: angel, thou, Abram, I. Genesis 16:8 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.16.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/16/) / 16:8 # Genesis 16:8 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** angel, thou, Abram, I · **What happens:** say, come, go, flee · **To what, where:** face · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 16:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — angel, thou, Abram, I — and what happens in the verse to face, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּאמַ֗ר הָגָ֞ר שִׁפְחַ֥ת שָׂרַ֛י אֵֽי־מִזֶּ֥ה בָ֖את וְאָ֣נָה תֵלֵ֑כִי וַתֹּ֕אמֶר מִפְּנֵי֙ שָׂרַ֣י גְּבִרְתִּ֔י אָנֹכִ֖י בֹּרַֽחַת׃ [And he said: 'Hagar, Sarai's handmaid, whence camest thou? and whither goest thou?' And she said: 'I flee from the face of my mistress Sarai.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.405/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:389 # text = וַיֹּאמַ֗ר הָגָ֞ר שִׁפְחַ֥ת שָׂרַ֛י אֵֽי־מִזֶּ֥ה בָ֖את וְאָ֣נָה תֵלֵ֑כִי וַתֹּ֕אמֶר מִפְּנֵי֙ שָׂרַ֣י גְּבִרְתִּ֔י אָנֹכִ֖י בֹּרַֽחַת׃ # verse = GEN.16.8 1-2 וַיֹּאמַ֗ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_16:8!1|MId=o010160080011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּאמַ֗ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=GEN_16:8!1|MId=o010160080012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010160070021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 הָגָ֞ר הָגָר PROPN _ _ 9 dislocated _ Gloss=O.Hagar|Ref=GEN_16:8!2|MId=o010160080021|Strong=1904 4 שִׁפְחַ֥ת שִׁפְחָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 appos _ Gloss=the.maidservant|Ref=GEN_16:8!3|MId=o010160080031|Strong=8198 5 שָׂרַ֛י שָׂרַי PROPN _ _ 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Sarai|Ref=GEN_16:8!4|MId=o010160080041|Strong=8297 6 אֵֽי־ אַי PART _ _ 9 advmod _ Gloss=where?|Ref=GEN_16:8!5|MId=o010160080051|Strong=0335|Type=interrogative|SpaceAfter=No 7-8 מִזֶּ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=GEN_16:8!6|MId=o010160080061|Strong=4480 8 זֶּ֥ה זֶה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 9 obl _ Gloss=this|Ref=GEN_16:8!6|MId=o010160080062|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 9 בָ֖את בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=have.you.come|Ref=GEN_16:8!7|MId=o010160080071|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:010160080021;|Type=qatal 10-11 וְאָ֣נָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_16:8!8|MId=o010160080081|Strong=2050b 11 אָ֣נָה אָן PRON _ PronType=Int 12 advmod _ Gloss=where?|Ref=GEN_16:8!8|MId=o010160080082|Strong=0575|Type=interrogative 12 תֵלֵ֑כִי הלך VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 9 conj _ Gloss=are.you.going|Ref=GEN_16:8!9|MId=o010160080091|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:010160080021;|Type=yiqtol 13-14 וַתֹּ֕אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_16:8!10|MId=o010160080101|Strong=2050b 14 תֹּ֕אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=she.said|Ref=GEN_16:8!10|MId=o010160080102|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010160040031;|Type=wayyiqtol 15-16 מִפְּנֵי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=GEN_16:8!11|MId=o010160080111|Strong=4480 16 פְּנֵי֙ פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 21 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=GEN_16:8!11|MId=o010160080112|Strong=6440 17 שָׂרַ֣י שָׂרַי PROPN _ _ 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Sarai|Ref=GEN_16:8!12|MId=o010160080121|Strong=8297 18-19 גְּבִרְתִּ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 גְּבִרְתּ גְּבֶרֶת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 17 appos _ Gloss=mistress|Ref=GEN_16:8!13|MId=o010160080131|Strong=1404 19 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=GEN_16:8!13|MId=o010160080132|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 20 אָנֹכִ֖י אָנֹכִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 21 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=GEN_16:8!14|MId=o010160080141|Strong=0595|Type=personal 21 בֹּרַֽחַת בָּרַח VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 14 ccomp _ Gloss=[am].fleeing|Ref=GEN_16:8!15|MId=o010160080151|Strong=1272|Frame=A0:010160080141;|Type=participle_active|SpaceAfter=No 22 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 21 punct _ Ref=GEN_16:8!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמַר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | בָאת *have you come* | qatal · qal | הָגָר *O Hagar* | | | | | תֵלֵכִי *are you going* | yiqtol · qal | הָגָר *O Hagar* | | | | | תֹּאמֶר *she said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | בֹּרַֽחַת *\[am\] fleeing* | participle active · qal | אָנֹכִי *I* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר הָגָר אַמְתָא דְשָׂרַי מְנָן אַתְּ אָתְיָא וּלְאָן אַתְּ אָזְלָא וַאֲמַרַת מִן קֳדָם שָׂרַי רִבָּנְתִּי אֲנָא עֲרָקָא (עֲרָקַת) The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And he said: 'Hagar, Sarai's handmaid, whence camest thou? and whither goest thou?' And she said: 'I flee from the face of my mistress Sarai.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.405/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:389`. - ← previous: [Genesis 16:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.16.7/) - next →: [Genesis 16:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.16.9/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/16/)