--- title: Genesis 17:17 — Then Abraham fell upon his face, and laughed, and said in his heart:… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then Abraham fell upon his face, and laughed, and said in his heart: 'Shall a child be born unto him that is a hundred years old? and shall Sarah, that is ninety years old, bear?' Who acts: Abraham, Sarah. Genesis 17:17 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.17.17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/17/) / 17:17 # Genesis 17:17 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** Abraham, Sarah · **What happens:** fall, laugh, say, bear, be · **To what, where:** face, heart, child · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 17:17 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Abraham, Sarah — and what happens in the verse to face, heart, child, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּפֹּ֧ל אַבְרָהָ֛ם עַל־פָּנָ֖יו וַיִּצְחָ֑ק וַיֹּ֣אמֶר בְּלִבּ֗וֹ הַלְּבֶ֤ן מֵאָֽה־שָׁנָה֙ יִוָּלֵ֔ד וְאִ֨ם־שָׂרָ֔ה הֲבַת־תִּשְׁעִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה תֵּלֵֽד׃ [Then Abraham fell upon his face, and laughed, and said in his heart: 'Shall a child be born unto him that is a hundred years old? and shall Sarah, that is ninety years old, bear?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.430/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:414 # text = וַיִּפֹּ֧ל אַבְרָהָ֛ם עַל־פָּנָ֖יו וַיִּצְחָ֑ק וַיֹּ֣אמֶר בְּלִבּ֗וֹ הַלְּבֶ֤ן מֵאָֽה־שָׁנָה֙ יִוָּלֵ֔ד וְאִ֨ם־שָׂרָ֔ה הֲבַת־תִּשְׁעִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה תֵּלֵֽד׃ # verse = GEN.17.17 1-2 וַיִּפֹּ֧ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_17:17!1|MId=o010170170011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּפֹּ֧ל נָפַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.fell|Ref=GEN_17:17!1|MId=o010170170012|Strong=5307|Frame=A0:010170170021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אַבְרָהָ֛ם אַבְרָהָם PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Abraham|Ref=GEN_17:17!2|MId=o010170170021|Strong=0085 4 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=GEN_17:17!3|MId=o010170170031|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 פָּנָ֖יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 פָּנָ֖י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=face|Ref=GEN_17:17!4|MId=o010170170041|Strong=6440 6 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=GEN_17:17!4|MId=o010170170042|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 7-8 וַיִּצְחָ֑ק _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_17:17!5|MId=o010170170051|Strong=2050b 8 יִּצְחָ֑ק צָחַק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.laughed|Ref=GEN_17:17!5|MId=o010170170052|Strong=6711|Frame=A0:010170170021;|Type=wayyiqtol 9-10 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_17:17!6|MId=o010170170061|Strong=2050b 10 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=GEN_17:17!6|MId=o010170170062|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010170170021;|Type=wayyiqtol 11-13 בְּלִבּ֗וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=GEN_17:17!7|MId=o010170170071|Strong=0871a 12 לִבּ לֵב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=heart|Ref=GEN_17:17!7|MId=o010170170072|Strong=3820 13 ֗וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=GEN_17:17!7|MId=o010170170073|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 14-16 הַלְּבֶ֤ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הַ הַ PART _ _ 19 advmod _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_17:17!8|MId=o010170170081|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 15 לְּ לְ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=a|Ref=GEN_17:17!8|MId=o010170170082|Strong=3807a 16 בֶ֤ן בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 obl _ Gloss=son?|Ref=GEN_17:17!8|MId=o010170170083|Strong=1121 17 מֵאָֽה־ מֵאָה NUM _ Number=Sing 18 nummod _ Gloss=of.one.hundred|Ref=GEN_17:17!9|MId=o010170170091|Strong=3967|Type=cardinal_number|SpaceAfter=No 18 שָׁנָה֙ שָׁנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=year[s]|Ref=GEN_17:17!10|MId=o010170170101|Strong=8141 19 יִוָּלֵ֔ד יָלַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 10 ccomp _ Gloss=will.he.be.born|Ref=GEN_17:17!11|MId=o010170170111|Strong=3205|Frame=A1:010170160071;|Type=yiqtol 20-21 וְאִ֨ם־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_17:17!12|MId=o010170170121|Strong=2050b 21 אִ֨ם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 22 mark _ Gloss=or?|Ref=GEN_17:17!12|MId=o010170170122|Strong=0518 22 שָׂרָ֔ה שָׂרָה PROPN _ _ 19 conj _ Gloss=Sarah|Ref=GEN_17:17!13|MId=o010170170131|Strong=8283 23-24 הֲבַת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 27 advmod _ Gloss=a|Ref=GEN_17:17!14|MId=o010170170141|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 24 בַת־ בַּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ Gloss=daughter?|Ref=GEN_17:17!14|MId=o010170170142|Strong=1323 25 תִּשְׁעִ֥ים תֵּשַׁע NUM _ Number=Plur 26 nummod _ Gloss=of.ninety|Ref=GEN_17:17!15|MId=o010170170151|Strong=8673|Type=cardinal_number 26 שָׁנָ֖ה שָׁנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=year[s]|Ref=GEN_17:17!16|MId=o010170170161|Strong=8141 27 תֵּלֵֽד יָלַד VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 22 parataxis _ Gloss=will.she.bear.a.child|Ref=GEN_17:17!17|MId=o010170170171|Strong=3205|Frame=A0:010170170142;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=GEN_17:17!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: yes/no question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּפֹּל *he fell* | wayyiqtol · qal | אַבְרָהָם *Abraham* | | | | | יִּצְחָק *he laughed* | wayyiqtol · qal | אַבְרָהָם *Abraham* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | אַבְרָהָם *Abraham* | | | | | יִוָּלֵד *will he be born* | yiqtol · niphal | | | | | | תֵּלֵֽד *will she bear a child* | yiqtol · qal | בַת־ *daughter?* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וּנְפַל אַבְרָהָם עַל אַפּוֹהִי וַחֲדִי וַאֲמַר בְּלִבֵּהּ הַלְּבַר מְאָה שְׁנִין יְהֵי וְלַד וְאִם שָׂרָה הֲבַת תִּשְׁעִין שְׁנִין תְּלִיד The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then Abraham fell upon his face, and laughed, and said in his heart: 'Shall a child be born unto him that is a hundred years old? and shall Sarah, that is ninety years old, bear?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.430/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:414`. - ← previous: [Genesis 17:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.17.16/) - next →: [Genesis 17:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.17.18/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/17/)