--- title: Genesis 18:19 — For I have known him, to the end that he may command his children an… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: For I have known him, to the end that he may command his children and his household after him, that they may keep the way of the LORD, to do righteousness and justice; to the end that the LORD may bring upon Abraham that which He hath spoken of him.' Who acts: I, Abraham, men, LORD. Genesis 18:19 in --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.18.19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/18/) / 18:19 # Genesis 18:19 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** I, Abraham, men, LORD · **What happens:** know, command, keep, do, bring, speak · **To what, where:** Abraham, children, way, righteousness, end · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 18:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, Abraham, men, LORD — and what happens in the verse to Abraham, children, way, righteousness, end, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כִּ֣י יְדַעְתִּ֗יו לְמַעַן֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְצַוֶּ֜ה אֶת־בָּנָ֤יו וְאֶת־בֵּיתוֹ֙ אַחֲרָ֔יו וְשָֽׁמְרוּ֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ יְהוָ֔ה לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת צְדָקָ֖ה וּמִשְׁפָּ֑ט לְמַ֗עַן הָבִ֤יא יְהוָה֙ עַל־אַבְרָהָ֔ם אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֖ר עָלָֽיו׃ [For I have known him, to the end that he may command his children and his household after him, that they may keep the way of the LORD, to do righteousness and justice; to the end that the LORD may bring upon Abraham that which He hath spoken of him.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.461/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:443 # text = כִּ֣י יְדַעְתִּ֗יו לְמַעַן֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְצַוֶּ֜ה אֶת־בָּנָ֤יו וְאֶת־בֵּיתוֹ֙ אַחֲרָ֔יו וְשָֽׁמְרוּ֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ יְהוָ֔ה לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת צְדָקָ֖ה וּמִשְׁפָּ֑ט לְמַ֗עַן הָבִ֤יא יְהוָה֙ עַל־אַבְרָהָ֔ם אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֖ר עָלָֽיו׃ # verse = GEN.18.19 1 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 2 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=GEN_18:19!1|MId=o010180190011|Strong=3588 2-3 יְדַעְתִּ֗יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 יְדַעְתִּ֗י יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I|Ref=GEN_18:19!2|MId=o010180190021|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:010180170012;A1:010180190022;|Type=qatal 3 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obj _ Gloss=have.known.him|Ref=GEN_18:19!2|MId=o010180190022|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 4 לְמַעַן֩ לְמַעַן SCONJ _ _ 6 mark _ Gloss=so.that|Ref=GEN_18:19!3|MId=o010180190031|Strong=4616 5 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 6 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=GEN_18:19!4|MId=o010180190041|Strong=0834|Type=relative 6 יְצַוֶּ֜ה צָוָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=he.may.command|Ref=GEN_18:19!5|MId=o010180190051|Strong=6680|Frame=A0:010180180012;A1:010180190071;010180190091;|Type=yiqtol 7 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=GEN_18:19!6|MId=o010180190061|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 8-9 בָּנָ֤יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 בָּנָ֤י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 obj _ Gloss=children|Ref=GEN_18:19!7|MId=o010180190071|Strong=1121 9 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=GEN_18:19!7|MId=o010180190072|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 10-11 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_18:19!8|MId=o010180190081|Strong=2050b 11 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=GEN_18:19!8|MId=o010180190082|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 12-13 בֵּיתוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 בֵּית בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 conj _ Gloss=household|Ref=GEN_18:19!9|MId=o010180190091|Strong=1004 13 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=GEN_18:19!9|MId=o010180190092|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 14-15 אַחֲרָ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 אַחֲרָ֔י אַחַר ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=GEN_18:19!10|MId=o010180190101|Strong=0310 15 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nmod _ Gloss=him|Ref=GEN_18:19!10|MId=o010180190102|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 16-17 וְשָֽׁמְרוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_18:19!11|MId=o010180190111|Strong=2050b 17 שָֽׁמְרוּ֙ שָׁמַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 6 conj _ Gloss=they.will.keep|Ref=GEN_18:19!11|MId=o010180190112|Strong=8104|Frame=A0:010180190071;010180190091;A1:010180190121;|Type=weqatal 18 דֶּ֣רֶךְ דֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Number=Sing 17 obj _ Gloss=the.way|Ref=GEN_18:19!12|MId=o010180190121|Strong=1870 19 יְהוָ֔ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=GEN_18:19!13|MId=o010180190131|Strong=3068 20-21 לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=GEN_18:19!14|MId=o010180190141|Strong=3807a 21 עֲשׂ֥וֹת עָשָׂה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 17 xcomp _ Gloss=doing|Ref=GEN_18:19!14|MId=o010180190142|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:010180190071;010180190091;A1:010180190151;010180190162;|Type=infinitive_construct 22 צְדָקָ֖ה צְדָקָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 21 obj _ Gloss=righteousness|Ref=GEN_18:19!15|MId=o010180190151|Strong=6666 23-24 וּמִשְׁפָּ֑ט _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_18:19!16|MId=o010180190161|Strong=2050b 24 מִשְׁפָּ֑ט מִשְׁפָּט NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 conj _ Gloss=justice|Ref=GEN_18:19!16|MId=o010180190162|Strong=4941 25 לְמַ֗עַן לְמַעַן SCONJ _ _ 26 mark _ Gloss=so.that|Ref=GEN_18:19!17|MId=o010180190171|Strong=4616 26 הָבִ֤יא בּוֹא VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 6 parataxis _ Gloss=will.bring|Ref=GEN_18:19!18|MId=o010180190181|Strong=0935|Frame=AA:010180190191;A0:010180190241;|Type=infinitive_construct 27 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 26 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=GEN_18:19!19|MId=o010180190191|Strong=3068 28 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=GEN_18:19!20|MId=o010180190201|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 29 אַבְרָהָ֔ם אַבְרָהָם PROPN _ _ 26 obl _ Gloss=Abraham|Ref=GEN_18:19!21|MId=o010180190211|Strong=0085 30 אֵ֥ת אֵת ADP _ _ 26 obj _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=GEN_18:19!22|MId=o010180190221|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 31 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 32 mark _ Gloss=[that].which|Ref=GEN_18:19!23|MId=o010180190231|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 32 דִּבֶּ֖ר דָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 30 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.has.spoken|Ref=GEN_18:19!24|MId=o010180190241|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:010180190191;|Type=qatal 33-34 עָלָֽיו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 עָלָֽי עַל ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=GEN_18:19!25|MId=o010180190251|Strong=5921 34 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=GEN_18:19!25|MId=o010180190252|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 35 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 34 punct _ Ref=GEN_18:19!25 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יְדַעְתִּי *I* | qatal · qal | | ו *have known him* | | | | יְצַוֶּה *he may command* | yiqtol · piel | | בָּנָי *children* + בֵּית *household* | | | | שָֽׁמְרוּ *they will keep* | weqatal · qal | בָּנָי *children* + בֵּית *household* | דֶּרֶךְ *the way* | | | | עֲשׂוֹת *doing* | infinitive construct · qal | בָּנָי *children* + בֵּית *household* | צְדָקָה *righteousness* + מִשְׁפָּט *justice* | | | | הָבִיא *will bring* | infinitive construct · hiphil | דִּבֶּר *he has spoken* | | | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | דִּבֶּר *he has spoken* | qatal · piel | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} אֲרֵי גְּלִי קֳדָמַי (גי' רמב''ן יְדַעְתִּנֵּהּ) בְּדִיל דִּי יְפַקֵּד יָת בְּנוֹהִי וְיָת אֱנַשׁ בֵּיתֵהּ בַּתְרוֹהִי וְיִטְּרוּן אָרְחָן דְּתַקְּנָן קֳדָם יְיָ לְמֶעֱבַּד צְדַקְתָּא וְדִינָא בְּדִיל אַיְיתִי יְיָ עַל אַבְרָהָם יָת דְּמַלֵּל עֲלוֹהִי The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [For I have known him, to the end that he may command his children and his household after him, that they may keep the way of the LORD, to do righteousness and justice; to the end that the LORD may bring upon Abraham that which He hath spoken of him.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.461/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:443`. - ← previous: [Genesis 18:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.18.18/) - next →: [Genesis 18:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.18.20/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/18/)