--- title: Genesis 18:28 — Peradventure there shall lack five of the fifty righteous; wilt Thou… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Peradventure there shall lack five of the fifty righteous; wilt Thou destroy all the city for lack of five?' And He said: 'I will not destroy it, if I find there forty and five.' Who acts: five, Thou, righteous, I. Genesis 18:28 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pr --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.18.28/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/18/) / 18:28 # Genesis 18:28 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** five, Thou, righteous, I · **What happens:** lack, destroy, say, not destroy, find · **To what, where:** city, forty · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 18:28 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — five, Thou, righteous, I — and what happens in the verse to city, forty, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. א֠וּלַי יַחְסְר֞וּן חֲמִשִּׁ֤ים הַצַּדִּיקִם֙ חֲמִשָּׁ֔ה הֲתַשְׁחִ֥ית בַּחֲמִשָּׁ֖ה אֶת־כָּל־הָעִ֑יר וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לֹ֣א אַשְׁחִ֔ית אִם־אֶמְצָ֣א שָׁ֔ם אַרְבָּעִ֖ים וַחֲמִשָּֽׁה׃ [Peradventure there shall lack five of the fifty righteous; wilt Thou destroy all the city for lack of five?' And He said: 'I will not destroy it, if I find there forty and five.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.470/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:452 # text = א֠וּלַי יַחְסְר֞וּן חֲמִשִּׁ֤ים הַצַּדִּיקִם֙ חֲמִשָּׁ֔ה הֲתַשְׁחִ֥ית בַּחֲמִשָּׁ֖ה אֶת־כָּל־הָעִ֑יר וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לֹ֣א אַשְׁחִ֔ית אִם־אֶמְצָ֣א שָׁ֔ם אַרְבָּעִ֖ים וַחֲמִשָּֽׁה׃ # verse = GEN.18.28 1 א֠וּלַי אוּלַי ADV _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=perhaps|Ref=GEN_18:28!1|MId=o010180280011|Strong=0194 2-3 יַחְסְר֞וּן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 יַחְסְר֞וּ חָסֵר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 9 parataxis _ Gloss=they|Ref=GEN_18:28!2|MId=o010180280021|Strong=2637|Frame=A0:010180280042;A1:010180280051;|Type=yiqtol 3 ן נ X _ _ 2 nmod _ Gloss=will.lack|Ref=GEN_18:28!2|MId=o010180280022|Strong=4993b|Type=paragogic_nun 4 חֲמִשִּׁ֤ים חָמֵשׁ NUM _ Number=Plur 6 nummod _ Gloss=fifty|Ref=GEN_18:28!3|MId=o010180280031|Strong=2572|Type=cardinal_number 5-6 הַצַּדִּיקִם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the.righteous|Ref=GEN_18:28!4|MId=o010180280041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 צַּדִּיקִם֙ צַדִּיק ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=[people]|Ref=GEN_18:28!4|MId=o010180280042|Strong=6662|Type=adjective 7 חֲמִשָּׁ֔ה חָמֵשׁ NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=five|Ref=GEN_18:28!5|MId=o010180280051|Strong=2568|Type=cardinal_number 8-9 הֲתַשְׁחִ֥ית _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 9 advmod _ Gloss=will|Ref=GEN_18:28!6|MId=o010180280061|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 9 תַשְׁחִ֥ית שָׁחַת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=you.destroy?|Ref=GEN_18:28!6|MId=o010180280062|Strong=7843|Frame=AA:010180260021;A0:010180280102;|Type=yiqtol 10-11 בַּחֲמִשָּׁ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=GEN_18:28!7|MId=o010180280071|Strong=0871a 11 חֲמִשָּׁ֖ה חָמֵשׁ NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=five|Ref=GEN_18:28!7|MId=o010180280072|Strong=2568|Type=cardinal_number 12 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=GEN_18:28!8|MId=o010180280081|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 13 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=GEN_18:28!9|MId=o010180280091|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 14-15 הָעִ֑יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_18:28!10|MId=o010180280101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 עִ֑יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=city|Ref=GEN_18:28!10|MId=o010180280102|Strong=5892 16-17 וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_18:28!11|MId=o010180280111|Strong=2050b 17 יֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 9 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=GEN_18:28!11|MId=o010180280112|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010180260021;|Type=wayyiqtol 18 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 19 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=GEN_18:28!12|MId=o010180280121|Strong=3808|Type=negative 19 אַשְׁחִ֔ית שָׁחַת VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 17 ccomp _ Gloss=I.will.destroy.[it]|Ref=GEN_18:28!13|MId=o010180280131|Strong=7843|Frame=AA:010180260021;A0:010180280102;|Type=yiqtol 20 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 21 mark _ Gloss=if|Ref=GEN_18:28!14|MId=o010180280141|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 21 אֶמְצָ֣א מָצָא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 19 parataxis _ Gloss=I.will.find|Ref=GEN_18:28!15|MId=o010180280151|Strong=4672|Frame=A0:010180260021;A1:010180280171;010180280182;|Type=yiqtol 22 שָׁ֔ם שָׁם ADV _ _ 21 advmod _ Gloss=there|Ref=GEN_18:28!16|MId=o010180280161|Strong=8033 23 אַרְבָּעִ֖ים אַרְבַּע NUM _ Number=Plur 21 obj _ Gloss=forty|Ref=GEN_18:28!17|MId=o010180280171|Strong=0705|Type=cardinal_number 24-25 וַחֲמִשָּֽׁה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_18:28!18|MId=o010180280181|Strong=2050b 25 חֲמִשָּֽׁה חָמֵשׁ NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 conj _ Gloss=five|Ref=GEN_18:28!18|MId=o010180280182|Strong=2568|Type=cardinal_number 26 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=GEN_18:28!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַחְסְרוּ *they* | yiqtol · qal | צַּדִּיקִם *\[people\]* | חֲמִשָּׁה *five* | | | | תַשְׁחִית *you destroy?* | yiqtol · hiphil | עִיר *city* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | **not** אַשְׁחִית *I will destroy \[it\]* | yiqtol · hiphil | עִיר *city* | | | | | אֶמְצָא *I will find* | yiqtol · qal | | אַרְבָּעִים *forty* + חֲמִשָּֽׁה *five* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} מָאִים יַחְסְרוּן חַמְשִׁין זַכָּאִין חַמְשָׁא הַתְחַבֵּל בְּחַמְשָׁא יָת כָּל קַרְתָּא וַאֲמַר לָא אֲחַבֵּל אִם אַשְׁכַּח תַּמָּן אַרְבְּעִין וְחַמְשָׁא The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Peradventure there shall lack five of the fifty righteous; wilt Thou destroy all the city for lack of five?' And He said: 'I will not destroy it, if I find there forty and five.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.470/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:452`. - ← previous: [Genesis 18:27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.18.27/) - next →: [Genesis 18:29](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.18.29/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/18/)