--- title: Genesis 18:8 — And he took curd, and milk, and the calf which he had dressed, and s… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And he took curd, and milk, and the calf which he had dressed, and set it before them; and he stood by them under the tree, and they did eat. Who acts: Abraham, curd. Genesis 18:8 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.18.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/18/) / 18:8 # Genesis 18:8 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** Abraham, curd · **What happens:** take, dress, set, stand, eat · **To what, where:** curd, calf, tree This is Genesis 18:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Abraham, curd — and what happens in the verse to curd, calf, tree, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּקַּ֨ח חֶמְאָ֜ה וְחָלָ֗ב וּבֶן־הַבָּקָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֔ה וַיִּתֵּ֖ן לִפְנֵיהֶ֑ם וְהֽוּא־עֹמֵ֧ד עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם תַּ֥חַת הָעֵ֖ץ וַיֹּאכֵֽלוּ׃ [And he took curd, and milk, and the calf which he had dressed, and set it before them; and he stood by them under the tree, and they did eat.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.448/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:432 # text = וַיִּקַּ֨ח חֶמְאָ֜ה וְחָלָ֗ב וּבֶן־הַבָּקָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֔ה וַיִּתֵּ֖ן לִפְנֵיהֶ֑ם וְהֽוּא־עֹמֵ֧ד עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם תַּ֥חַת הָעֵ֖ץ וַיֹּאכֵֽלוּ׃ # verse = GEN.18.8 1-2 וַיִּקַּ֨ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_18:8!1|MId=o010180080011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּקַּ֨ח לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.brought|Ref=GEN_18:8!1|MId=o010180080012|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:010180070041;A1:010180080021;010180080032;010180080042;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 חֶמְאָ֜ה חֶמְאָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=curd[s]|Ref=GEN_18:8!2|MId=o010180080021|Strong=2529 4-5 וְחָלָ֗ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_18:8!3|MId=o010180080031|Strong=2050b 5 חָלָ֗ב חָלָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 conj _ Gloss=milk|Ref=GEN_18:8!3|MId=o010180080032|Strong=2461 6-7 וּבֶן־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_18:8!4|MId=o010180080041|Strong=2050b 7 בֶן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 conj _ Gloss=the.young.one|Ref=GEN_18:8!4|MId=o010180080042|Strong=1121 8-9 הַבָּקָר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=GEN_18:8!5|MId=o010180080051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 בָּקָר֙ בָּקָר NOUN _ Number=Sing 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.herd|Ref=GEN_18:8!5|MId=o010180080052|Strong=1241 10 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 11 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=GEN_18:8!6|MId=o010180080061|Strong=0834|Type=relative 11 עָשָׂ֔ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 7 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.had.prepared|Ref=GEN_18:8!7|MId=o010180080071|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:010180070041;A1:010180080042;|Type=qatal 12-13 וַיִּתֵּ֖ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_18:8!8|MId=o010180080081|Strong=2050b 13 יִּתֵּ֖ן נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.set.[it]|Ref=GEN_18:8!8|MId=o010180080082|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:010180070041;A1:010180080021;010180080032;010180080042;|Type=wayyiqtol 14-16 לִפְנֵיהֶ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=GEN_18:8!9|MId=o010180080091|Strong=3807a 15 פְנֵי פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 13 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=GEN_18:8!9|MId=o010180080092|Strong=6440 16 הֶ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=them|Ref=GEN_18:8!9|MId=o010180080093|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 17-18 וְהֽוּא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_18:8!10|MId=o010180080101|Strong=2050b 18 הֽוּא־ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=GEN_18:8!10|MId=o010180080102|Strong=1931|Type=personal 19 עֹמֵ֧ד עָמַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=[was].standing|Ref=GEN_18:8!11|MId=o010180080111|Strong=5975|Frame=A0:010180080102;|Type=participle_active 20-21 עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 עֲלֵי עַל ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=GEN_18:8!12|MId=o010180080121|Strong=5921 21 הֶ֛ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=GEN_18:8!12|MId=o010180080122|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 22 תַּ֥חַת תַּחַת NOUN _ _ 19 obl _ Gloss=under|Ref=GEN_18:8!13|MId=o010180080131|Strong=8478 23-24 הָעֵ֖ץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_18:8!14|MId=o010180080141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 עֵ֖ץ עֵץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 compound:smixut _ Gloss=tree|Ref=GEN_18:8!14|MId=o010180080142|Strong=6086 25-26 וַיֹּאכֵֽלוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_18:8!15|MId=o010180080151|Strong=2050b 26 יֹּאכֵֽלוּ אָכַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.ate|Ref=GEN_18:8!15|MId=o010180080152|Strong=0398|Frame=A0:010180020061;A1:010180080021;010180080032;010180080042;|Type=wayyiqtol 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=GEN_18:8!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּקַּח *he brought* | wayyiqtol · qal | | חֶמְאָה *curd\[s\]* + חָלָב *milk* + בֶן־ *the young one* | | | | עָשָׂה *he had prepared* | qatal · qal | | בֶן־ *the young one* | | | | יִּתֵּן *he set \[it\]* | wayyiqtol · qal | | חֶמְאָה *curd\[s\]* + חָלָב *milk* + בֶן־ *the young one* | | | | עֹמֵד *\[was\] standing* | participle active · qal | הֽוּא־ *he* | | | | | יֹּאכֵֽלוּ *they ate* | wayyiqtol · qal | | חֶמְאָה *curd\[s\]* + חָלָב *milk* + בֶן־ *the young one* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וּנְסִיב שְׁמַן וַחֲלָב וּבַר תּוֹרֵי דִּי עֲבַד וִיהַב קֳדָמֵיהוֹן וְהוּא מְשַׁמֵּשׁ עִלָּוֵיהוֹן תְּחוֹת אִילָנָא וַאֲכָלוּ The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And he took curd, and milk, and the calf which he had dressed, and set it before them; and he stood by them under the tree, and they did eat.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.448/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:432`. - ← previous: [Genesis 18:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.18.7/) - next →: [Genesis 18:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.18.9/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/18/)