--- title: Genesis 19:1 — And the two angels came to Sodom at even; and Lot sat in the gate of… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the two angels came to Sodom at even; and Lot sat in the gate of Sodom; and Lot saw them, and rose up to meet them; and he fell down on his face to the earth; Who acts: two angels, Lot. Genesis 19:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.19.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/19/) / 19:1 # Genesis 19:1 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** two angels, Lot · **What happens:** come, sit, see, rise up, meet, fall down · **To what, where:** Sodom, even, gate, angels, face This is Genesis 19:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — two angels, Lot — and what happens in the verse to Sodom, even, gate, angels, face, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַ֠יָּבֹאוּ שְׁנֵ֨י הַמַּלְאָכִ֤ים סְדֹ֙מָה֙ בָּעֶ֔רֶב וְל֖וֹט יֹשֵׁ֣ב בְּשַֽׁעַר־סְדֹ֑ם וַיַּרְא־לוֹט֙ וַיָּ֣קָם לִקְרָאתָ֔ם וַיִּשְׁתַּ֥חוּ אַפַּ֖יִם אָֽרְצָה׃ [And the two angels came to Sodom at even; and Lot sat in the gate of Sodom; and Lot saw them, and rose up to meet them; and he fell down on his face to the earth;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.479/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:458 # text = וַ֠יָּבֹאוּ שְׁנֵ֨י הַמַּלְאָכִ֤ים סְדֹ֙מָה֙ בָּעֶ֔רֶב וְל֖וֹט יֹשֵׁ֣ב בְּשַֽׁעַר־סְדֹ֑ם וַיַּרְא־לוֹט֙ וַיָּ֣קָם לִקְרָאתָ֔ם וַיִּשְׁתַּ֥חוּ אַפַּ֖יִם אָֽרְצָה׃ # verse = GEN.19.1 1-2 וַ֠יָּבֹאוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ֠ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_19:1!1|MId=o010190010011|Strong=2050b 2 יָּבֹאוּ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.came|Ref=GEN_19:1!1|MId=o010190010012|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:010190010032;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 שְׁנֵ֨י שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 5 nummod _ Gloss=the.two|Ref=GEN_19:1!2|MId=o010190010021|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number 4-5 הַמַּלְאָכִ֤ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_19:1!3|MId=o010190010031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 מַּלְאָכִ֤ים מַלְאָךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=angels|Ref=GEN_19:1!3|MId=o010190010032|Strong=4397 6-7 סְדֹ֙מָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 סְדֹ֙מ סְדֹם PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_19:1!4|MId=o010190010041|Strong=5467 7 ָה֙ ה X _ _ 6 nmod _ Gloss=Sodom|Ref=GEN_19:1!4|MId=o010190010042|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 8-10 בָּעֶ֔רֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=GEN_19:1!5|MId=o010190010051|Strong=0871a 9 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_19:1!5|MId=o010190010051ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 עֶ֔רֶב עֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=evening|Ref=GEN_19:1!5|MId=o010190010052|Strong=6153 11-12 וְל֖וֹט _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_19:1!6|MId=o010190010061|Strong=2050b 12 ל֖וֹט לוֹט PROPN _ _ 13 nsubj _ Gloss=Lot|Ref=GEN_19:1!6|MId=o010190010062|Strong=3876 13 יֹשֵׁ֣ב יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=[was].sitting|Ref=GEN_19:1!7|MId=o010190010071|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:010190010062;|Type=participle_active 14-15 בְּשַֽׁעַר־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=GEN_19:1!8|MId=o010190010081|Strong=0871a 15 שַֽׁעַר־ שַׁעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 obl _ Gloss=the.gate|Ref=GEN_19:1!8|MId=o010190010082|Strong=8179 16 סְדֹ֑ם סְדֹם PROPN _ _ 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Sodom|Ref=GEN_19:1!9|MId=o010190010091|Strong=5467 17-18 וַיַּרְא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_19:1!10|MId=o010190010101|Strong=2050b 18 יַּרְא־ רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.saw.[them]|Ref=GEN_19:1!10|MId=o010190010102|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:010190010111;A1:010190010032;|Type=wayyiqtol 19 לוֹט֙ לוֹט PROPN _ _ 18 nsubj _ Gloss=Lot|Ref=GEN_19:1!11|MId=o010190010111|Strong=3876 20-21 וַיָּ֣קָם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_19:1!12|MId=o010190010121|Strong=2050b 21 יָּ֣קָם קוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.arose|Ref=GEN_19:1!12|MId=o010190010122|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:010190010111;|Type=wayyiqtol 22-24 לִקְרָאתָ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_19:1!13|MId=o010190010131|Strong=3807a 23 קְרָאת קרא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 21 advcl _ Gloss=meet|Ref=GEN_19:1!13|MId=o010190010132|Strong=7122|Frame=A0:010190010111;A1:010190010133;|Type=infinitive_construct 24 ָ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=GEN_19:1!13|MId=o010190010133|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 25-26 וַיִּשְׁתַּ֥חוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_19:1!14|MId=o010190010141|Strong=2050b 26 יִּשְׁתַּ֥חוּ חוה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.bowed.down|Ref=GEN_19:1!14|MId=o010190010142|Strong=7812a|Frame=A0:010190010111;A1:010190010151;|Type=wayyiqtol 27 אַפַּ֖יִם אַף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 26 obj _ Gloss=face|Ref=GEN_19:1!15|MId=o010190010151|Strong=0639 28-29 אָֽרְצָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 אָֽרְצ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 26 obl _ Gloss=ground|Ref=GEN_19:1!16|MId=o010190010161|Strong=0776 29 ָה ה X _ _ 28 nmod _ Gloss=to.[the]|Ref=GEN_19:1!16|MId=o010190010162|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=GEN_19:1!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָּבֹאוּ *they came* | wayyiqtol · qal | מַּלְאָכִים *angels* | | | | | יֹשֵׁב *\[was\] sitting* | participle active · qal | לוֹט *Lot* | | | | | יַּרְא־ *he saw \[them\]* | wayyiqtol · qal | לוֹט *Lot* | מַּלְאָכִים *angels* | | | | יָּקָם *he arose* | wayyiqtol · qal | לוֹט *Lot* | | | | | קְרָאת *meet* | infinitive construct · qal | לוֹט *Lot* | ָם *them* | | | | יִּשְׁתַּחוּ *he bowed down* | wayyiqtol · hithpael | לוֹט *Lot* | אַפַּיִם *face* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וְעַלּוּ תְּרֵין מַלְאָכַיָּא לִסְדוֹם בְּרַמְשָׁא וְלוֹט יָתֵב בְּתַרְעָא (נ''י בִּתְרַע) דִּסְדוֹם וַחֲזָא לוֹט וְקָם לְקַדָּמוּתְהוֹן וּסְגִיד עַל אַפּוֹהִי עַל אַרְעָא The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the two angels came to Sodom at even; and Lot sat in the gate of Sodom; and Lot saw them, and rose up to meet them; and he fell down on his face to the earth;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.479/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:458`. - ← previous: [Genesis 18:33](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.18.33/) - next →: [Genesis 19:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.19.2/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/19/)