--- title: Genesis 19:15 — And when the morning arose, then the angels hastened Lot, saying: 'A… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And when the morning arose, then the angels hastened Lot, saying: 'Arise, take thy wife, and thy two daughters that are here; lest thou be swept away in the iniquity of the city.' Who acts: morning, angels, two daughters. Genesis 19:15 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.19.15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/19/) / 19:15 # Genesis 19:15 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** morning, angels, two daughters · **What happens:** arise, hasten, say, take, be, sweep away · **To what, where:** Lot, wife, thou, iniquity · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 19:15 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — morning, angels, two daughters — and what happens in the verse to Lot, wife, thou, iniquity, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּכְמוֹ֙ הַשַּׁ֣חַר עָלָ֔ה וַיָּאִ֥יצוּ הַמַּלְאָכִ֖ים בְּל֣וֹט לֵאמֹ֑ר קוּם֩ קַ֨ח אֶֽת־אִשְׁתְּךָ֜ וְאֶת־שְׁתֵּ֤י בְנֹתֶ֙יךָ֙ הַנִּמְצָאֹ֔ת פֶּן־תִּסָּפֶ֖ה בַּעֲוֺ֥ן הָעִֽיר׃ [And when the morning arose, then the angels hastened Lot, saying: 'Arise, take thy wife, and thy two daughters that are here; lest thou be swept away in the iniquity of the city.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.493/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:472 # text = וּכְמוֹ֙ הַשַּׁ֣חַר עָלָ֔ה וַיָּאִ֥יצוּ הַמַּלְאָכִ֖ים בְּל֣וֹט לֵאמֹ֑ר קוּם֩ קַ֨ח אֶֽת־אִשְׁתְּךָ֜ וְאֶת־שְׁתֵּ֤י בְנֹתֶ֙יךָ֙ הַנִּמְצָאֹ֔ת פֶּן־תִּסָּפֶ֖ה בַּעֲוֺ֥ן הָעִֽיר׃ # verse = GEN.19.15 1-2 וּכְמוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_19:15!1|MId=o010190150011|Strong=2050b 2 כְמוֹ֙ כְּמוֹ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=when|Ref=GEN_19:15!1|MId=o010190150012|Strong=3644 3-4 הַשַּׁ֣חַר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_19:15!2|MId=o010190150021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 שַּׁ֣חַר שַׁחַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ Gloss=dawn|Ref=GEN_19:15!2|MId=o010190150022|Strong=7837 5 עָלָ֔ה עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.came.up|Ref=GEN_19:15!3|MId=o010190150031|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:010190150022;|Type=qatal 6-7 וַיָּאִ֥יצוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_19:15!4|MId=o010190150041|Strong=2050b 7 יָּאִ֥יצוּ אוּץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=they.urged|Ref=GEN_19:15!4|MId=o010190150042|Strong=0213|Frame=A0:010190150052;|Type=wayyiqtol 8-9 הַמַּלְאָכִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_19:15!5|MId=o010190150051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 מַּלְאָכִ֖ים מַלְאָךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 7 nsubj _ Gloss=angels|Ref=GEN_19:15!5|MId=o010190150052|Strong=4397 10-11 בְּל֣וֹט _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=(in)|Ref=GEN_19:15!6|MId=o010190150061|Strong=0871a 11 ל֣וֹט לוֹט PROPN _ _ 7 obl _ Gloss=Lot|Ref=GEN_19:15!6|MId=o010190150062|Strong=3876 12-13 לֵאמֹ֑ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 14 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=GEN_19:15!7|MId=o010190150071|Strong=3807a 13 אמֹ֑ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 12 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=GEN_19:15!7|MId=o010190150072|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010190150052;|Type=infinitive_construct 14 קוּם֩ קוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 7 advcl _ Gloss=arise|Ref=GEN_19:15!8|MId=o010190150081|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:010190150062;|Type=imperative 15 קַ֨ח לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 14 parataxis _ Gloss=take|Ref=GEN_19:15!9|MId=o010190150091|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:010190150062;A1:010190150111;010190150141;|Type=imperative 16 אֶֽת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=GEN_19:15!10|MId=o010190150101|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 17-18 אִשְׁתְּךָ֜ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 אִשְׁתּ אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 15 obj _ Gloss=wife|Ref=GEN_19:15!11|MId=o010190150111|Strong=0802 18 ְךָ֜ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=GEN_19:15!11|MId=o010190150112|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 19-20 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_19:15!12|MId=o010190150121|Strong=2050b 20 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=GEN_19:15!12|MId=o010190150122|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 21 שְׁתֵּ֤י שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 22 nummod _ Gloss=the.two|Ref=GEN_19:15!13|MId=o010190150131|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number 22-23 בְנֹתֶ֙יךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 בְנֹתֶ֙י בַּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 17 conj _ Gloss=daughters|Ref=GEN_19:15!14|MId=o010190150141|Strong=1323 23 ךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=GEN_19:15!14|MId=o010190150142|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 24-25 הַנִּמְצָאֹ֔ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=[who|Ref=GEN_19:15!15|MId=o010190150151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 נִּמְצָאֹ֔ת מָצָא VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur 17 appos _ Gloss=are].found|Ref=GEN_19:15!15|MId=o010190150152|Strong=4672|Frame=A1:010190150111;010190150141;|Type=participle_active 26 פֶּן־ פֶּן SCONJ _ _ 27 mark _ Gloss=lest|Ref=GEN_19:15!16|MId=o010190150161|Strong=6435|SpaceAfter=No 27 תִּסָּפֶ֖ה סָפָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 5 advcl _ Gloss=you.should.be.swept.away|Ref=GEN_19:15!17|MId=o010190150171|Strong=5595|Frame=A1:010190150062;|Type=yiqtol 28-29 בַּעֲוֺ֥ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=GEN_19:15!18|MId=o010190150181|Strong=0871a 29 עֲוֺ֥ן עָוֺן NOUN _ Number=Sing 27 obl _ Gloss=the.punishment|Ref=GEN_19:15!18|MId=o010190150182|Strong=5771 30-31 הָעִֽיר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=GEN_19:15!19|MId=o010190150191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 עִֽיר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 29 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.city|Ref=GEN_19:15!19|MId=o010190150192|Strong=5892 32 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 31 punct _ Ref=GEN_19:15!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | עָלָה *it came up* | qatal · qal | שַּׁחַר *dawn* | | | | | יָּאִיצוּ *they urged* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | מַּלְאָכִים *angels* | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | מַּלְאָכִים *angels* | | | | | קוּם *arise* | imperative · qal | לוֹט *Lot* | | | | | קַח *take* | imperative · qal | לוֹט *Lot* | אִשְׁתּ *wife* + בְנֹתֶי *daughters* | | | | נִּמְצָאֹת *are\] found* | participle active · niphal | | אִשְׁתּ *wife* + בְנֹתֶי *daughters* | | | | תִּסָּפֶה *you should be swept away* | yiqtol · niphal | | לוֹט *Lot* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וּכְמִסַּק צַפְרָא הֲוָה וּדְחִיקוּ מַלְאָכַיָּא בְּלוֹט לְמֵימָר קוּם דְּבַר יָת אִתְּתָךְ וְיָת תַּרְתֵּין בְּנָתָךְ דְּאִשְׁתְּכַחַן מְהֵימְנָא עִמָּךְ דִּילְמָא תִלְקֵי בְּחוֹבֵי קַרְתָּא The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And when the morning arose, then the angels hastened Lot, saying: 'Arise, take thy wife, and thy two daughters that are here; lest thou be swept away in the iniquity of the city.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.493/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:472`. - ← previous: [Genesis 19:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.19.14/) - next →: [Genesis 19:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.19.16/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/19/)