--- title: Genesis 19:17 — And it came to pass, when they had brought them forth abroad, that h… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass, when they had brought them forth abroad, that he said: 'Escape for thy life; look not behind thee, neither stay thou in all the Plain; escape to the mountain, lest thou be swept away.' Who acts: city, lords, Lot, thou. Genesis 19:17 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onk --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.19.17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/19/) / 19:17 # Genesis 19:17 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** city, lords, Lot, thou · **What happens:** come, pass, bring, say, escape, not look · **To what, where:** men, Plain, mountain, thou · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 19:17 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — city, lords, Lot, thou — and what happens in the verse to men, Plain, mountain, thou, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְהִי֩ כְהוֹצִיאָ֨ם אֹתָ֜ם הַח֗וּצָה וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הִמָּלֵ֣ט עַל־נַפְשֶׁ֔ךָ אַל־תַּבִּ֣יט אַחֲרֶ֔יךָ וְאַֽל־תַּעֲמֹ֖ד בְּכָל־הַכִּכָּ֑ר הָהָ֥רָה הִמָּלֵ֖ט פֶּן־תִּסָּפֶֽה׃ [And it came to pass, when they had brought them forth abroad, that he said: 'Escape for thy life; look not behind thee, neither stay thou in all the Plain; escape to the mountain, lest thou be swept away.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.496/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:474 # text = וַיְהִי֩ כְהוֹצִיאָ֨ם אֹתָ֜ם הַח֗וּצָה וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הִמָּלֵ֣ט עַל־נַפְשֶׁ֔ךָ אַל־תַּבִּ֣יט אַחֲרֶ֔יךָ וְאַֽל־תַּעֲמֹ֖ד בְּכָל־הַכִּכָּ֑ר הָהָ֥רָה הִמָּלֵ֖ט פֶּן־תִּסָּפֶֽה׃ # verse = GEN.19.17 1-2 וַיְהִי֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_19:17!1|MId=o010190170011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהִי֩ הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=GEN_19:17!1|MId=o010190170012|Strong=1961|Type=wayyiqtol 3-5 כְהוֹצִיאָ֨ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 כְ כְּ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=just|Ref=GEN_19:17!2|MId=o010190170021|Strong=3509a 4 הוֹצִיא יָצָא VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 2 advcl _ Gloss=as|Ref=GEN_19:17!2|MId=o010190170022|Strong=3318|Frame=AA:010190170023;A0:010190170032;|Type=infinitive_construct 5 ָ֨ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ Gloss=they.brought.out|Ref=GEN_19:17!2|MId=o010190170023|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 6-7 אֹתָ֜ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=|Ref=GEN_19:17!3|MId=o010190170031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 7 ָ֜ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=GEN_19:17!3|MId=o010190170032|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 8-10 הַח֗וּצָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_19:17!4|MId=o010190170041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 ח֗וּצ חוּץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 obl _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_19:17!4|MId=o010190170042|Strong=2351 10 ָה ה X _ _ 9 nmod _ Gloss=outside|Ref=GEN_19:17!4|MId=o010190170043|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 11-12 וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_19:17!5|MId=o010190170051|Strong=2050b 12 יֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=GEN_19:17!5|MId=o010190170052|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010190160032;|Type=wayyiqtol 13 הִמָּלֵ֣ט מָלַט VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 12 ccomp _ Gloss=escape|Ref=GEN_19:17!6|MId=o010190170061|Strong=4422|Frame=A0:010190150062;|Type=imperative 14 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=GEN_19:17!7|MId=o010190170071|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 15-16 נַפְשֶׁ֔ךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 נַפְשׁ נֶפֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 13 obl _ Gloss=life|Ref=GEN_19:17!8|MId=o010190170081|Strong=5315 16 ֶ֔ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=GEN_19:17!8|MId=o010190170082|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 17 אַל־ אַל ADV _ _ 18 advmod _ Gloss=do.not|Ref=GEN_19:17!9|MId=o010190170091|Strong=0408|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 18 תַּבִּ֣יט נָבַט VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 13 parataxis _ Gloss=look|Ref=GEN_19:17!10|MId=o010190170101|Strong=5027|Frame=A0:010190150062;|Type=jussive 19-20 אַחֲרֶ֔יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 אַחֲרֶ֔י אַחַר ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=behind|Ref=GEN_19:17!11|MId=o010190170111|Strong=0310 20 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 18 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=GEN_19:17!11|MId=o010190170112|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 21-22 וְאַֽל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_19:17!12|MId=o010190170121|Strong=2050b 22 אַֽל־ אַל ADV _ _ 23 advmod _ Gloss=do.not|Ref=GEN_19:17!12|MId=o010190170122|Strong=0408|Type=negative 23 תַּעֲמֹ֖ד עָמַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 18 conj _ Gloss=stop|Ref=GEN_19:17!13|MId=o010190170131|Strong=5975|Frame=A0:010190150062;|Type=jussive 24-25 בְּכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=GEN_19:17!14|MId=o010190170141|Strong=0871a 25 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=GEN_19:17!14|MId=o010190170142|Strong=3605 26-27 הַכִּכָּ֑ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_19:17!15|MId=o010190170151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 כִּכָּ֑ר כִּכָּר NOUN _ Number=Sing 25 compound:smixut _ Gloss=valley|Ref=GEN_19:17!15|MId=o010190170152|Strong=3603 28-30 הָהָ֥רָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_19:17!16|MId=o010190170161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 הָ֥ר הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 obl _ Gloss=the.hill|Ref=GEN_19:17!16|MId=o010190170162|Strong=2022 30 ָה ה X _ _ 29 nmod _ Gloss=country|Ref=GEN_19:17!16|MId=o010190170163|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 31 הִמָּלֵ֖ט מָלַט VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 13 parataxis _ Gloss=escape|Ref=GEN_19:17!17|MId=o010190170171|Strong=4422|Frame=A0:010190150062;|Type=imperative 32 פֶּן־ פֶּן SCONJ _ _ 33 mark _ Gloss=lest|Ref=GEN_19:17!18|MId=o010190170181|Strong=6435|SpaceAfter=No 33 תִּסָּפֶֽה סָפָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 13 advcl _ Gloss=you.should.be.swept.away|Ref=GEN_19:17!19|MId=o010190170191|Strong=5595|Frame=A1:010190150062;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 34 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 33 punct _ Ref=GEN_19:17!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הוֹצִיא *as* | infinitive construct · hiphil | ָם *them* | | | ָם *they brought out* | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | הִמָּלֵט *escape* | imperative · niphal | | | | | | **not** תַּבִּיט *look* | jussive · hiphil | | | | | | **not** תַּעֲמֹד *stop* | jussive · qal | | | | | | הִמָּלֵט *escape* | imperative · niphal | | | | | | תִּסָּפֶֽה *you should be swept away* | yiqtol · niphal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַהֲוָה כַּד אַפִּיקוּ יָתְהוֹן לְבָרָא וַאֲמַר חוּס עַל נַפְשָׁךְ לָא תִּסְתְּכִי לַאֲחוֹרָךְ וְלָא תְקוּם בְּכָל מֵישְׁרָא לְטוּרָא אִשְׁתְּזֵב דִּלְמָא תִלְקֵי The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it came to pass, when they had brought them forth abroad, that he said: 'Escape for thy life; look not behind thee, neither stay thou in all the Plain; escape to the mountain, lest thou be swept away.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.496/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:474`. - ← previous: [Genesis 19:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.19.16/) - next →: [Genesis 19:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.19.18/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/19/)