--- title: Genesis 19:19 — behold now, thy servant hath found grace in thy sight, and thou hast… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: behold now, thy servant hath found grace in thy sight, and thou hast magnified thy mercy, which thou hast shown unto me in saving my life; and I cannot escape to the mountain, lest the evil overtake me, and I die. Who acts: servant, thou, I, evil. Genesis 19:19 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Ta --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.19.19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/19/) / 19:19 # Genesis 19:19 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** servant, thou, I, evil, thy · **What happens:** find, magnify, show, save, not escape, overtake · **To what, where:** grace, sight, mercy, life, mountain, me This is Genesis 19:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — servant, thou, I, evil, thy — and what happens in the verse to grace, sight, mercy, life, mountain, me, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הִנֵּה־נָ֠א מָצָ֨א עַבְדְּךָ֣ חֵן֮ בְּעֵינֶיךָ֒ וַתַּגְדֵּ֣ל חַסְדְּךָ֗ אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשִׂ֙יתָ֙ עִמָּדִ֔י לְהַחֲי֖וֹת אֶת־נַפְשִׁ֑י וְאָנֹכִ֗י לֹ֤א אוּכַל֙ לְהִמָּלֵ֣ט הָהָ֔רָה פֶּן־תִּדְבָּקַ֥נִי הָרָעָ֖ה וָמַֽתִּי׃ [behold now, thy servant hath found grace in thy sight, and thou hast magnified thy mercy, which thou hast shown unto me in saving my life; and I cannot escape to the mountain, lest the evil overtake me, and I die.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.498/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:476 # text = הִנֵּה־נָ֠א מָצָ֨א עַבְדְּךָ֣ חֵן֮ בְּעֵינֶיךָ֒ וַתַּגְדֵּ֣ל חַסְדְּךָ֗ אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשִׂ֙יתָ֙ עִמָּדִ֔י לְהַחֲי֖וֹת אֶת־נַפְשִׁ֑י וְאָנֹכִ֗י לֹ֤א אוּכַל֙ לְהִמָּלֵ֣ט הָהָ֔רָה פֶּן־תִּדְבָּקַ֥נִי הָרָעָ֖ה וָמַֽתִּי׃ # verse = GEN.19.19 1 הִנֵּה־ הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 3 parataxis _ Gloss=here!|Ref=GEN_19:19!1|MId=o010190190011|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative|SpaceAfter=No 2 נָ֠א נָא INTJ _ _ 1 discourse _ Gloss=please|Ref=GEN_19:19!2|MId=o010190190021|Strong=4994|Type=exhortation 3 מָצָ֨א מָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.has.found|Ref=GEN_19:19!3|MId=o010190190031|Strong=4672|Frame=A0:010190190041;A1:010190190051;|Type=qatal 4-5 עַבְדְּךָ֣ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 עַבְדּ עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ Gloss=servant|Ref=GEN_19:19!4|MId=o010190190041|Strong=5650 5 ְךָ֣ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=GEN_19:19!4|MId=o010190190042|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 6 חֵן֮ חֵן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obj _ Gloss=favor|Ref=GEN_19:19!5|MId=o010190190051|Strong=2580 7-9 בְּעֵינֶיךָ֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=GEN_19:19!6|MId=o010190190061|Strong=0871a 8 עֵינֶי עַיִן NOUN _ Number=Dual 3 obl _ Gloss=eyes|Ref=GEN_19:19!6|MId=o010190190062|Strong=5869 9 ךָ֒ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=GEN_19:19!6|MId=o010190190063|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 10-11 וַתַּגְדֵּ֣ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_19:19!7|MId=o010190190071|Strong=2050b 11 תַּגְדֵּ֣ל גָּדַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 3 conj _ Gloss=you.have.made.great|Ref=GEN_19:19!7|MId=o010190190072|Strong=1431|Frame=AA:010190180061;A0:010190190081;|Type=wayyiqtol 12-13 חַסְדְּךָ֗ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 חַסְדּ חֶסֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 obj _ Gloss=loyalty|Ref=GEN_19:19!8|MId=o010190190081|Strong=2617 13 ְךָ֗ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=GEN_19:19!8|MId=o010190190082|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 14 אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 15 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=GEN_19:19!9|MId=o010190190091|Strong=0834|Type=relative 15 עָשִׂ֙יתָ֙ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 12 acl:relcl _ Gloss=you.have.done|Ref=GEN_19:19!10|MId=o010190190101|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:010190180061;A1:010190190081;|Type=qatal 16-17 עִמָּדִ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 עִמָּד עִמָּד NOUN _ _ 15 obl _ Gloss=with|Ref=GEN_19:19!11|MId=o010190190111|Strong=5978 17 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=me|Ref=GEN_19:19!11|MId=o010190190112|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 18-19 לְהַחֲי֖וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=GEN_19:19!12|MId=o010190190121|Strong=3807a 19 הַחֲי֖וֹת חָיָה VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 11 advcl _ Gloss=preserving.alive|Ref=GEN_19:19!12|MId=o010190190122|Strong=2421|Frame=AA:010190180061;A0:010190190141;|Type=infinitive_construct 20 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=GEN_19:19!13|MId=o010190190131|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 21-22 נַפְשִׁ֑י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 נַפְשׁ נֶפֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 19 obj _ Gloss=life|Ref=GEN_19:19!14|MId=o010190190141|Strong=5315 22 ִ֑י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=GEN_19:19!14|MId=o010190190142|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 23-24 וְאָנֹכִ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_19:19!15|MId=o010190190151|Strong=2050b 24 אָנֹכִ֗י אָנֹכִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 26 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=GEN_19:19!15|MId=o010190190152|Strong=0595|Type=personal 25 לֹ֤א לֹא ADV _ _ 26 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=GEN_19:19!16|MId=o010190190161|Strong=3808|Type=negative 26 אוּכַל֙ יָכֹל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 3 conj _ Gloss=I.am.able|Ref=GEN_19:19!17|MId=o010190190171|Strong=3201|Frame=A0:010190190152;|Type=yiqtol 27-28 לְהִמָּלֵ֣ט _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_19:19!18|MId=o010190190181|Strong=3807a 28 הִמָּלֵ֣ט מָלַט VERB _ HebBinyan=NIPHAL 26 xcomp _ Gloss=escape|Ref=GEN_19:19!18|MId=o010190190182|Strong=4422|Frame=A0:010190190041;|Type=infinitive_construct 29-31 הָהָ֔רָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_19:19!19|MId=o010190190191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 הָ֔ר הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 obl _ Gloss=the.hill|Ref=GEN_19:19!19|MId=o010190190192|Strong=2022 31 ָה ה X _ _ 30 nmod _ Gloss=country|Ref=GEN_19:19!19|MId=o010190190193|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 32 פֶּן־ פֶּן SCONJ _ _ 33 mark _ Gloss=lest|Ref=GEN_19:19!20|MId=o010190190201|Strong=6435|SpaceAfter=No 33-34 תִּדְבָּקַ֥נִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 תִּדְבָּק דָּבַק VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 advcl _ Gloss=it|Ref=GEN_19:19!21|MId=o010190190211|Strong=1692|Frame=A1:010190190212;A0:010190190222;|Type=yiqtol 34 ַ֥נִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 33 obj _ Gloss=should.cling.to.me|Ref=GEN_19:19!21|MId=o010190190212|Strong=5204a|Type=pronominal 35-36 הָרָעָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 36 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_19:19!22|MId=o010190190221|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 36 רָעָ֖ה רָעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 33 nsubj _ Gloss=calamity|Ref=GEN_19:19!22|MId=o010190190222|Strong=7451b 37-38 וָמַֽתִּי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 38 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_19:19!23|MId=o010190190231|Strong=2050b 38 מַֽתִּי מוּת VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 3 conj _ Gloss=I.will.die|Ref=GEN_19:19!23|MId=o010190190232|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:010190190041;|Type=qatal 39 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 38 punct _ Ref=GEN_19:19!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | מָצָא *he has found* | qatal · qal | עַבְדּ *servant* | חֵן *favor* | | | | תַּגְדֵּל *you have made great* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | חַסְדּ *loyalty* | | | | | עָשִׂיתָ *you have done* | qatal · qal | | חַסְדּ *loyalty* | | | | הַחֲיוֹת *preserving alive* | infinitive construct · hiphil | נַפְשׁ *life* | | | | | **not** אוּכַל *I am able* | yiqtol · qal | אָנֹכִי *I* | | | | | הִמָּלֵט *escape* | infinitive construct · niphal | עַבְדּ *servant* | | | | | תִּדְבָּק *it* | yiqtol · qal | רָעָה *calamity* | ַנִי *should cling to me* | | | | מַֽתִּי *I will die* | qatal · qal | עַבְדּ *servant* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} הָא כְעַן אַשְׁכַּח עַבְדָךְ רַחֲמִין קֳדָמָךְ וְאַסְגֵּיתָא טֵיבוּתָךְ דִּי עֲבַדְתָּ עִמִּי לְקַיָּמָא יָת נַפְשִׁי וַאֲנָא לֵית אֲנָא יָכִיל לְאִשְׁתֵּזָבָא לְטּוּרָא דִּילְמָא תְעַרְעִנַּנִי בִשְׁתָּא וְאֵימוּת The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [behold now, thy servant hath found grace in thy sight, and thou hast magnified thy mercy, which thou hast shown unto me in saving my life; and I cannot escape to the mountain, lest the evil overtake me, and I die.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.498/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:476`. - ← previous: [Genesis 19:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.19.18/) - next →: [Genesis 19:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.19.20/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/19/)