--- title: Genesis 19:20 — Behold now, this city is near to flee unto, and it is a little one;… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Behold now, this city is near to flee unto, and it is a little one; oh, let me escape thither — is it not a little one? — and my soul shall live.' Who acts: city, me, soul. Genesis 19:20 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.19.20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/19/) / 19:20 # Genesis 19:20 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** city, me, soul · **What happens:** be, flee, let, escape, not be, live · **To what, where:** little one, me This is Genesis 19:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — city, me, soul — and what happens in the verse to little one, me, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הִנֵּה־נָ֠א הָעִ֨יר הַזֹּ֧את קְרֹבָ֛ה לָנ֥וּס שָׁ֖מָּה וְהִ֣יא מִצְעָ֑ר אִמָּלְטָ֨ה נָּ֜א שָׁ֗מָּה הֲלֹ֥א מִצְעָ֛ר הִ֖וא וּתְחִ֥י נַפְשִֽׁי׃ [Behold now, this city is near to flee unto, and it is a little one; oh, let me escape thither — is it not a little one? — and my soul shall live.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.499/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:477 # text = הִנֵּה־נָ֠א הָעִ֨יר הַזֹּ֧את קְרֹבָ֛ה לָנ֥וּס שָׁ֖מָּה וְהִ֣יא מִצְעָ֑ר אִמָּלְטָ֨ה נָּ֜א שָׁ֗מָּה הֲלֹ֥א מִצְעָ֛ר הִ֖וא וּתְחִ֥י נַפְשִֽׁי׃ # verse = GEN.19.20 1 הִנֵּה־ הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 7 parataxis _ Gloss=here!|Ref=GEN_19:20!1|MId=o010190200011|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative|SpaceAfter=No 2 נָ֠א נָא INTJ _ _ 1 discourse _ Gloss=please|Ref=GEN_19:20!2|MId=o010190200021|Strong=4994|Type=exhortation 3-4 הָעִ֨יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_19:20!3|MId=o010190200031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 עִ֨יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ Gloss=city|Ref=GEN_19:20!3|MId=o010190200032|Strong=5892 5-6 הַזֹּ֧את _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=GEN_19:20!4|MId=o010190200041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 זֹּ֧את זֹאת DET _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 4 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=GEN_19:20!4|MId=o010190200042|Strong=2063|Type=demonstrative 7 קְרֹבָ֛ה קָרֹוב ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=[is].near|Ref=GEN_19:20!5|MId=o010190200051|Strong=7138|Type=adjective 8-9 לָנ֥וּס _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_19:20!6|MId=o010190200061|Strong=3807a 9 נ֥וּס נוּס VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 7 advcl _ Gloss=flee|Ref=GEN_19:20!6|MId=o010190200062|Strong=5127|Frame=A0:010190190041;|Type=infinitive_construct 10-11 שָׁ֖מָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 שָׁ֖מּ שָׁם ADV _ _ 9 advmod _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_19:20!7|MId=o010190200071|Strong=8033 11 ָה ה X _ _ 10 nmod _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=GEN_19:20!7|MId=o010190200072|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 12-13 וְהִ֣יא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_19:20!8|MId=o010190200081|Strong=2050b 13 הִ֣יא הִיא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj _ Gloss=it|Ref=GEN_19:20!8|MId=o010190200082|Strong=1931a|Type=personal 14 מִצְעָ֑ר מִצְעָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 conj _ Gloss=[is].a.small.place|Ref=GEN_19:20!9|MId=o010190200091|Strong=4705 15 אִמָּלְטָ֨ה מָלַט VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 7 parataxis _ Gloss=let.me.escape|Ref=GEN_19:20!10|MId=o010190200101|Strong=4422|Frame=A0:010190190041;|Type=cohortative 16 נָּ֜א נָא INTJ _ _ 15 discourse _ Gloss=please|Ref=GEN_19:20!11|MId=o010190200111|Strong=4994|Type=interjection 17-18 שָׁ֗מָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 שָׁ֗מּ שָׁם ADV _ _ 15 advmod _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_19:20!12|MId=o010190200121|Strong=8033 18 ָה ה X _ _ 17 nmod _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=GEN_19:20!12|MId=o010190200122|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 19-20 הֲלֹ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 21 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=GEN_19:20!13|MId=o010190200131|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 20 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 21 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=GEN_19:20!13|MId=o010190200132|Strong=3808|Type=negative 21 מִצְעָ֛ר מִצְעָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 parataxis _ Gloss=a.small.place|Ref=GEN_19:20!14|MId=o010190200141|Strong=4705 22 הִ֖וא הִיא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nsubj _ Gloss=[is].it|Ref=GEN_19:20!15|MId=o010190200151|Strong=1931a|Type=personal 23-24 וּתְחִ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=so|Ref=GEN_19:20!16|MId=o010190200161|Strong=2050b 24 תְחִ֥י חָיָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 7 conj _ Gloss=that.it.may.live|Ref=GEN_19:20!16|MId=o010190200162|Strong=2421|Frame=A0:010190200171;|Type=yiqtol 25-26 נַפְשִֽׁי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 נַפְשׁ נֶפֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ Gloss=life|Ref=GEN_19:20!17|MId=o010190200171|Strong=5315 26 ִֽי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=GEN_19:20!17|MId=o010190200172|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=GEN_19:20!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נוּס *flee* | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | | אִמָּלְטָה *let me escape* | cohortative · niphal | | | | | | תְחִי *that it may live* | yiqtol · qal | נַפְשׁ *life* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} הָא כְעַן קַרְתָּא הָדָא קְרִיבָא לְמֵעִירוֹק לְתַמָּן וְהִיא זְעֵירָא אִשְׁתְּזֵב כְּעַן תַּמָּן הֲלָא זְעֵירָא הִיא וְתִתְקַיַּם נַפְשִׁי The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Behold now, this city is near to flee unto, and it is a little one; oh, let me escape thither — is it not a little one? — and my soul shall live.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.499/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:477`. - ← previous: [Genesis 19:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.19.19/) - next →: [Genesis 19:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.19.21/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/19/)