--- title: Genesis 19:8 — Behold now, I have two daughters that have not known man; let me, I… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Behold now, I have two daughters that have not known man; let me, I pray you, bring them out unto you, and do ye to them as is good in your eyes; only unto these men do nothing; forasmuch as they are come under the shadow of my roof.' Who acts: I, two daughters, me, ye. Genesis 19:8 in Hebrew with i --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.19.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/19/) / 19:8 # Genesis 19:8 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** I, two daughters, me, ye, men · **What happens:** have, not know, let, pray, bring out, do · **To what, where:** two daughters, man, you, men, eyes, nothing This is Genesis 19:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, two daughters, me, ye, men — and what happens in the verse to two daughters, man, you, men, eyes, nothing, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הִנֵּה־נָ֨א לִ֜י שְׁתֵּ֣י בָנ֗וֹת אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־יָדְעוּ֙ אִ֔ישׁ אוֹצִֽיאָה־נָּ֤א אֶתְהֶן֙ אֲלֵיכֶ֔ם וַעֲשׂ֣וּ לָהֶ֔ן כַּטּ֖וֹב בְּעֵינֵיכֶ֑ם רַ֠ק לָֽאֲנָשִׁ֤ים הָאֵל֙ אַל־תַּעֲשׂ֣וּ דָבָ֔ר כִּֽי־עַל־כֵּ֥ן בָּ֖אוּ בְּצֵ֥ל קֹרָתִֽי׃ [Behold now, I have two daughters that have not known man; let me, I pray you, bring them out unto you, and do ye to them as is good in your eyes; only unto these men do nothing; forasmuch as they are come under the shadow of my roof.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.486/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:465 # text = הִנֵּה־נָ֨א לִ֜י שְׁתֵּ֣י בָנ֗וֹת אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־יָדְעוּ֙ אִ֔ישׁ אוֹצִֽיאָה־נָּ֤א אֶתְהֶן֙ אֲלֵיכֶ֔ם וַעֲשׂ֣וּ לָהֶ֔ן כַּטּ֖וֹב בְּעֵינֵיכֶ֑ם רַ֠ק לָֽאֲנָשִׁ֤ים הָאֵל֙ אַל־תַּעֲשׂ֣וּ דָבָ֔ר כִּֽי־עַל־כֵּ֥ן בָּ֖אוּ בְּצֵ֥ל קֹרָתִֽי׃ # verse = GEN.19.8 1 הִנֵּה־ הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 4 parataxis _ Gloss=here!|Ref=GEN_19:8!1|MId=o010190080011|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative|SpaceAfter=No 2 נָ֨א נָא INTJ _ _ 1 discourse _ Gloss=please|Ref=GEN_19:8!2|MId=o010190080021|Strong=4994|Type=exhortation 3-4 לִ֜י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 ל לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=[belong].to|Ref=GEN_19:8!3|MId=o010190080031|Strong=3807a 4 ִ֜י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 0 root _ Gloss=me|Ref=GEN_19:8!3|MId=o010190080032|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 5 שְׁתֵּ֣י שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 6 nummod _ Gloss=two|Ref=GEN_19:8!4|MId=o010190080041|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number 6 בָנ֗וֹת בַּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ Gloss=daughters|Ref=GEN_19:8!5|MId=o010190080051|Strong=1323 7 אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 9 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=GEN_19:8!6|MId=o010190080061|Strong=0834|Type=relative 8 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 9 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=GEN_19:8!7|MId=o010190080071|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 9 יָדְעוּ֙ יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 6 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.have.known|Ref=GEN_19:8!8|MId=o010190080081|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:010190080051;A1:010190080091;|Type=qatal 10 אִ֔ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obj _ Gloss=a.man|Ref=GEN_19:8!9|MId=o010190080091|Strong=0376 11 אוֹצִֽיאָה־ יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 4 parataxis _ Gloss=let.me.bring.out|Ref=GEN_19:8!10|MId=o010190080101|Strong=3318|Frame=AA:010190060031;A0:010190080122;|Type=cohortative|SpaceAfter=No 12 נָּ֤א נָא INTJ _ _ 11 discourse _ Gloss=please|Ref=GEN_19:8!11|MId=o010190080111|Strong=4994|Type=interjection 13-14 אֶתְהֶן֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 אֶת אֵת ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=|Ref=GEN_19:8!12|MId=o010190080121|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 14 ְהֶן֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=GEN_19:8!12|MId=o010190080122|Strong=2004|Type=pronominal 15-16 אֲלֵיכֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 אֲלֵי אֶל ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_19:8!13|MId=o010190080131|Strong=0413 16 כֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 11 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=GEN_19:8!13|MId=o010190080132|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 17-18 וַעֲשׂ֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_19:8!14|MId=o010190080141|Strong=2050b 18 עֲשׂ֣וּ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 4 conj _ Gloss=do|Ref=GEN_19:8!14|MId=o010190080142|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:010190070041;|Type=imperative 19-20 לָהֶ֔ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 ל לְ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_19:8!15|MId=o010190080151|Strong=3807a 20 ָהֶ֔ן הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=GEN_19:8!15|MId=o010190080152|Strong=2004|Type=pronominal 21-23 כַּטּ֖וֹב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=according|Ref=GEN_19:8!16|MId=o010190080161|Strong=3509a 22 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_19:8!16|MId=o010190080161ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 טּ֖וֹב טוֹב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=the.good|Ref=GEN_19:8!16|MId=o010190080162|Strong=2896|Type=adjective 24-26 בְּעֵינֵיכֶ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=GEN_19:8!17|MId=o010190080171|Strong=0871a 25 עֵינֵי עַיִן NOUN _ Number=Dual 23 nmod _ Gloss=eyes|Ref=GEN_19:8!17|MId=o010190080172|Strong=5869 26 כֶ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=GEN_19:8!17|MId=o010190080173|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 27 רַ֠ק רַק ADV _ _ 30 advmod _ Gloss=only|Ref=GEN_19:8!18|MId=o010190080181|Strong=7535|Type=affirmation 28-30 לָֽאֲנָשִׁ֤ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 לָֽ לְ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_19:8!19|MId=o010190080191|Strong=3807a 29 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_19:8!19|MId=o010190080191ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 אֲנָשִׁ֤ים אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 34 obl _ Gloss=men|Ref=GEN_19:8!19|MId=o010190080192|Strong=0376 31-32 הָאֵל֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 32 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=GEN_19:8!20|MId=o010190080201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 32 אֵל֙ אֵל DET _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 30 det _ Gloss=these|Ref=GEN_19:8!20|MId=o010190080202|Strong=0411|Type=demonstrative 33 אַל־ אַל ADV _ _ 34 advmod _ Gloss=do.not|Ref=GEN_19:8!21|MId=o010190080211|Strong=0408|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 34 תַּעֲשׂ֣וּ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 4 parataxis _ Gloss=do|Ref=GEN_19:8!22|MId=o010190080221|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:010190070041;A1:010190080231;|Type=jussive 35 דָבָ֔ר דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 34 obj _ Gloss=anything|Ref=GEN_19:8!23|MId=o010190080231|Strong=1697 36 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 38 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=GEN_19:8!24|MId=o010190080241|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 37 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=GEN_19:8!25|MId=o010190080251|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 38 כֵּ֥ן כֵּן ADV _ _ 4 conj _ Gloss=|Ref=GEN_19:8!26|MId=o010190080261|Strong=3651|Type=demonstrative 39 בָּ֖אוּ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 parataxis _ Gloss=they.have.come|Ref=GEN_19:8!27|MId=o010190080271|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:010190080193;|Type=qatal 40-41 בְּצֵ֥ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 41 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=GEN_19:8!28|MId=o010190080281|Strong=0871a 41 צֵ֥ל צֵל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 39 obl _ Gloss=the.shadow|Ref=GEN_19:8!28|MId=o010190080282|Strong=6738 42-43 קֹרָתִֽי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 קֹרָת קוֹרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 41 compound:smixut _ Gloss=my.roof|Ref=GEN_19:8!29|MId=o010190080291|Strong=6982 43 ִֽי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 42 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=GEN_19:8!29|MId=o010190080292|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 44 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 43 punct _ Ref=GEN_19:8!29 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** יָדְעוּ *they have known* | qatal · qal | בָנוֹת *daughters* | אִישׁ *a man* | | | | אוֹצִֽיאָה־ *let me bring out* | cohortative · hiphil | ְהֶן *them* | | | | | עֲשׂוּ *do* | imperative · qal | | | | | | **not** תַּעֲשׂוּ *do* | jussive · qal | | דָבָר *anything* | | | | בָּאוּ *they have come* | qatal · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} הָא כְעַן לִי תַּרְתֵּין בְּנָן דִּי לָא יְדָעִנּוּן גְּבַר אַפֵּק כְּעַן יַתְהוֹן לְוָתְכוֹן וְעִיבִידוּ לְהֵן כִּדְתַקֵּן בְּעֵינֵיכוֹן לְחוֹד לְגֻבְרַיָּא הָאִלֵּין לָא תַעְבְּדוּן מִדַּעַם אֲרֵי עַל כֵּן עַלּוּ בִּטְלַל שֵׁרוּתִי The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Behold now, I have two daughters that have not known man; let me, I pray you, bring them out unto you, and do ye to them as is good in your eyes; only unto these men do nothing; forasmuch as they are come under the shadow of my roof.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.486/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:465`. - ← previous: [Genesis 19:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.19.7/) - next →: [Genesis 19:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.19.9/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/19/)