--- title: Genesis 19:9 — And they said: 'Stand back.' And they said: 'This one fellow came in… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And they said: 'Stand back.' And they said: 'This one fellow came in to sojourn, and he will needs play the judge; now will we deal worse with thee, than with them.' And they pressed sore upon the man, even Lot, and drew near to break the door. Who acts: men, one fellow, fellow, we. Genesis 19:9 in --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.19.9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/19/) / 19:9 # Genesis 19:9 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** men, one fellow, fellow, we · **What happens:** say, stand back, come in, sojourn, play, deal · **To what, where:** judge, door · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 19:9 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — men, one fellow, fellow, we — and what happens in the verse to judge, door, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ ׀ גֶּשׁ־הָ֗לְאָה וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ הָאֶחָ֤ד בָּֽא־לָגוּר֙ וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֣ט שָׁפ֔וֹט עַתָּ֕ה נָרַ֥ע לְךָ֖ מֵהֶ֑ם וַיִּפְצְר֨וּ בָאִ֤ישׁ בְּלוֹט֙ מְאֹ֔ד וַֽיִּגְּשׁ֖וּ לִשְׁבֹּ֥ר הַדָּֽלֶת׃ [And they said: 'Stand back.' And they said: 'This one fellow came in to sojourn, and he will needs play the judge; now will we deal worse with thee, than with them.' And they pressed sore upon the man, even Lot, and drew near to break the door.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.487/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:466 # text = וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ ׀ גֶּשׁ־הָ֗לְאָה וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ הָאֶחָ֤ד בָּֽא־לָגוּר֙ וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֣ט שָׁפ֔וֹט עַתָּ֕ה נָרַ֥ע לְךָ֖ מֵהֶ֑ם וַיִּפְצְר֨וּ בָאִ֤ישׁ בְּלוֹט֙ מְאֹ֔ד וַֽיִּגְּשׁ֖וּ לִשְׁבֹּ֥ר הַדָּֽלֶת׃ # verse = GEN.19.9 1-2 וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_19:9!1|MId=o010190090011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּאמְר֣וּ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=GEN_19:9!1|MId=o010190090012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010190040142;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 2 punct _ Ref=GEN_19:9!1 4 גֶּשׁ־ נָגַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=approach|Ref=GEN_19:9!2|MId=o010190090021|Strong=5066|Frame=A0:010190060031;|Type=imperative|SpaceAfter=No 5 הָ֗לְאָה הָלְאָה ADV _ _ 4 advmod _ Gloss=beyond|Ref=GEN_19:9!3|MId=o010190090031|Strong=1973 6-7 וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_19:9!4|MId=o010190090041|Strong=2050b 7 יֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=GEN_19:9!4|MId=o010190090042|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010190040142;|Type=wayyiqtol 8-9 הָאֶחָ֤ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_19:9!5|MId=o010190090051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 אֶחָ֤ד אֶחָד NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ Gloss=one|Ref=GEN_19:9!5|MId=o010190090052|Strong=0259|Type=cardinal_number 10 בָּֽא־ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 7 ccomp _ Gloss=he.came|Ref=GEN_19:9!6|MId=o010190090061|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:010190090052;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 11-12 לָגוּר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_19:9!7|MId=o010190090071|Strong=3807a 12 גוּר֙ גּוּר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 10 advcl _ Gloss=sojourn|Ref=GEN_19:9!7|MId=o010190090072|Strong=1481|Frame=A0:010190090052;|Type=infinitive_construct 13-14 וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֣ט _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_19:9!8|MId=o010190090081|Strong=2050b 14 יִּשְׁפֹּ֣ט שָׁפַט VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 10 conj _ Gloss=he.has.judged|Ref=GEN_19:9!8|MId=o010190090082|Strong=8199|Frame=A0:010190090052;|Type=wayyiqtol 15 שָׁפ֔וֹט שָׁפַט VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 14 obl:npmod _ Gloss=indeed.(judge)|Ref=GEN_19:9!9|MId=o010190090091|Strong=8199|Type=infinitive_absolute 16 עַתָּ֕ה עַתָּה ADV _ _ 17 advmod _ Gloss=now|Ref=GEN_19:9!10|MId=o010190090101|Strong=6258 17 נָרַ֥ע רָעַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=1 10 parataxis _ Gloss=we.will.do.harm|Ref=GEN_19:9!11|MId=o010190090111|Strong=7489|Frame=A0:010190040142;|Type=yiqtol 18-19 לְךָ֖ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 ל לְ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_19:9!12|MId=o010190090121|Strong=3807a 19 ְךָ֖ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 17 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=GEN_19:9!12|MId=o010190090122|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 20-21 מֵהֶ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=more|Ref=GEN_19:9!13|MId=o010190090131|Strong=4480 21 הֶ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 obl _ Gloss=than.them|Ref=GEN_19:9!13|MId=o010190090132|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 22-23 וַיִּפְצְר֨וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_19:9!14|MId=o010190090141|Strong=2050b 23 יִּפְצְר֨וּ פָּצַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.urged|Ref=GEN_19:9!14|MId=o010190090142|Strong=6484|Frame=A0:010190040142;|Type=wayyiqtol 24-26 בָאִ֤ישׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 בָ בְּ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=(in)|Ref=GEN_19:9!15|MId=o010190090151|Strong=0871a 25 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_19:9!15|MId=o010190090151ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 אִ֤ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 obl _ Gloss=man|Ref=GEN_19:9!15|MId=o010190090152|Strong=0376 27-28 בְּלוֹט֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=(in)|Ref=GEN_19:9!16|MId=o010190090161|Strong=0871a 28 לוֹט֙ לוֹט PROPN _ _ 26 nmod _ Gloss=Lot|Ref=GEN_19:9!16|MId=o010190090162|Strong=3876 29 מְאֹ֔ד מְאֹד ADV _ _ 23 advmod _ Gloss=exceedingly|Ref=GEN_19:9!17|MId=o010190090171|Strong=3966 30-31 וַֽיִּגְּשׁ֖וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_19:9!18|MId=o010190090181|Strong=2050b 31 יִּגְּשׁ֖וּ נָגַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.approached|Ref=GEN_19:9!18|MId=o010190090182|Strong=5066|Frame=A0:010190040142;|Type=wayyiqtol 32-33 לִשְׁבֹּ֥ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_19:9!19|MId=o010190090191|Strong=3807a 33 שְׁבֹּ֥ר שָׁבַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 31 advcl _ Gloss=break.down|Ref=GEN_19:9!19|MId=o010190090192|Strong=7665|Frame=A0:010190040142;A1:010190090202;|Type=infinitive_construct 34-35 הַדָּֽלֶת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 35 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_19:9!20|MId=o010190090201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 35 דָּֽלֶת דֶּלֶת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 33 obj _ Gloss=door|Ref=GEN_19:9!20|MId=o010190090202|Strong=1817 36 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=GEN_19:9!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמְרוּ *they said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | גֶּשׁ־ *approach* | imperative · qal | | | | | | יֹּֽאמְרוּ *they said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | בָּֽא־ *he came* | qatal · qal | אֶחָד *one* | | | | | גוּר *sojourn* | infinitive construct · qal | אֶחָד *one* | | | | | יִּשְׁפֹּט *he has judged* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֶחָד *one* | | | | | נָרַע *we will do harm* | yiqtol · hiphil | | | | | | יִּפְצְרוּ *they urged* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יִּגְּשׁוּ *they approached* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | שְׁבֹּר *break down* | infinitive construct · qal | | דָּֽלֶת *door* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַאֲמָרוּ קְרֵב לְהַלָּא וַאֲמָרוּ חַד אֲתָא לְאִתּוֹתָבָא והָא דָיִין דִּינָא כְּעַן נַבְאֵשׁ לָךְ מִדִּילְהוֹן וּתְקִיפוּ בְגַבְרָא בְלוֹט לַחֲדָא וּקְרִיבוּ לְמִתְּבַר דָּשָׁא The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And they said: 'Stand back.' And they said: 'This one fellow came in to sojourn, and he will needs play the judge; now will we deal worse with thee, than with them.' And they pressed sore upon the man, even Lot, and drew near to break the door.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.487/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:466`. - ← previous: [Genesis 19:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.19.8/) - next →: [Genesis 19:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.19.10/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/19/)