--- title: Genesis 2:18 — And the LORD God said: 'It is not good that the man should be alone;… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the LORD God said: 'It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him a help meet for him.' Who acts: LORD God, man, I. Genesis 2:18 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.2.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/2/) / 2:18 # Genesis 2:18 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** LORD God, man, I · **What happens:** say, not be, be, make · **To what, where:** help, man · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 2:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD God, man, I — and what happens in the verse to help, man, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהִ֔ים לֹא־ט֛וֹב הֱי֥וֹת הָֽאָדָ֖ם לְבַדּ֑וֹ אֶֽעֱשֶׂהּ־לּ֥וֹעֵ֖זֶר כְּנֶגְדּֽוֹ׃ [And the LORD God said: 'It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him a help meet for him.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.52/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:48 # text = וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהִ֔ים לֹא־ט֛וֹב הֱי֥וֹת הָֽאָדָ֖ם לְבַדּ֑וֹ אֶֽעֱשֶׂהּ־לּ֥וֹעֵ֖זֶר כְּנֶגְדּֽוֹ׃ # verse = GEN.2.18 1-2 וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_2:18!1|MId=o010020180011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=GEN_2:18!1|MId=o010020180012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010020180021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יְהוָ֣ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=GEN_2:18!2|MId=o010020180021|Strong=3068 4 אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 appos _ Gloss=God|Ref=GEN_2:18!3|MId=o010020180031|Strong=0430 5 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 6 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=GEN_2:18!4|MId=o010020180041|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 6 ט֛וֹב טוֹב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 ccomp _ Gloss=[is].good|Ref=GEN_2:18!5|MId=o010020180051|Strong=2896|Type=adjective 7 הֱי֥וֹת הָיָה AUX _ HebBinyan=QAL 11 cop _ Gloss=to.be|Ref=GEN_2:18!6|MId=o010020180061|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:010020180072;|Type=infinitive_construct 8-9 הָֽאָדָ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הָֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_2:18!7|MId=o010020180071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 אָדָ֖ם אָדָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ Gloss=man|Ref=GEN_2:18!7|MId=o010020180072|Strong=0120 10-12 לְבַדּ֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=him|Ref=GEN_2:18!8|MId=o010020180081|Strong=3807a 11 בַדּ בַּד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ Gloss=|Ref=GEN_2:18!8|MId=o010020180082|Strong=0905 12 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=alone|Ref=GEN_2:18!8|MId=o010020180083|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 13 אֶֽעֱשֶׂהּ־ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 6 parataxis _ Gloss=I.will.make|Ref=GEN_2:18!9|MId=o010020180091|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:010020180021;A1:010020180111;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 14-16 לּ֥וֹעֵ֖זֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 לּ לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=GEN_2:18!10|MId=o010020180101|Strong=3807a 15 ֥וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=GEN_2:18!10|MId=o010020180102|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 16 עֵ֖זֶר עֵזֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 obj _ Gloss=a.helper|Ref=GEN_2:18!11|MId=o010020180111|Strong=5828 17-19 כְּנֶגְדּֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=GEN_2:18!12|MId=o010020180121|Strong=3509a 18 נֶגְדּ נֶגֶד NOUN _ _ 13 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=GEN_2:18!12|MId=o010020180122|Strong=5048 19 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=him|Ref=GEN_2:18!12|MId=o010020180123|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 20 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 19 punct _ Ref=GEN_2:18!12 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | הֱיוֹת *to be* | infinitive construct · qal | אָדָם *man* | | | | | אֶֽעֱשֶׂהּ־ *I will make* | yiqtol · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | עֵזֶר *a helper* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר יְיָ אֱלֹהִים לָא תַקִּין לְמֶהֱוֵי אָדָם בִּלְחוֹדוֹהִי אַעֲבֵד לֵהּ סְמַךְ לְקִבְלֵהּ The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the LORD God said: 'It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him a help meet for him.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.52/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:48`. - ← previous: [Genesis 2:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.2.17/) - next →: [Genesis 2:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.2.19/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/2/)