--- title: Genesis 20:2 — And Abraham said of Sarah his wife: 'She is my sister.' And Abimelec… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Abraham said of Sarah his wife: 'She is my sister.' And Abimelech king of Gerar sent, and took Sarah. Who acts: Abraham, wife, Abimelech king. Genesis 20:2 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.20.2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/20/) / 20:2 # Genesis 20:2 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** Abraham, wife, Abimelech king · **What happens:** say, be, send, take · **To what, where:** sister, Sarah · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 20:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Abraham, wife, Abimelech king — and what happens in the verse to sister, Sarah, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֧אמֶר אַבְרָהָ֛ם אֶל־שָׂרָ֥ה אִשְׁתּ֖וֹ אֲחֹ֣תִי הִ֑וא וַיִּשְׁלַ֗ח אֲבִימֶ֙לֶךְ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ גְּרָ֔ר וַיִּקַּ֖ח אֶת־שָׂרָֽה׃ [And Abraham said of Sarah his wife: 'She is my sister.' And Abimelech king of Gerar sent, and took Sarah.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.522/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:497 # text = וַיֹּ֧אמֶר אַבְרָהָ֛ם אֶל־שָׂרָ֥ה אִשְׁתּ֖וֹ אֲחֹ֣תִי הִ֑וא וַיִּשְׁלַ֗ח אֲבִימֶ֙לֶךְ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ גְּרָ֔ר וַיִּקַּ֖ח אֶת־שָׂרָֽה׃ # verse = GEN.20.2 1-2 וַיֹּ֧אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_20:2!1|MId=o010200020011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֧אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=GEN_20:2!1|MId=o010200020012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010200020021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אַבְרָהָ֛ם אַבְרָהָם PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Abraham|Ref=GEN_20:2!2|MId=o010200020021|Strong=0085 4 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=concerning|Ref=GEN_20:2!3|MId=o010200020031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 5 שָׂרָ֥ה שָׂרָה PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Sarah|Ref=GEN_20:2!4|MId=o010200020041|Strong=8283 6-7 אִשְׁתּ֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 אִשְׁתּ אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 appos _ Gloss=wife|Ref=GEN_20:2!5|MId=o010200020051|Strong=0802 7 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=GEN_20:2!5|MId=o010200020052|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 8-9 אֲחֹ֣תִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 אֲחֹ֣ת אָחוֹת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 ccomp _ Gloss=sister|Ref=GEN_20:2!6|MId=o010200020061|Strong=0269 9 ִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[is].my|Ref=GEN_20:2!6|MId=o010200020062|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 10 הִ֑וא הִיא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ Gloss=she|Ref=GEN_20:2!7|MId=o010200020071|Strong=1931a|Type=personal 11-12 וַיִּשְׁלַ֗ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_20:2!8|MId=o010200020081|Strong=2050b 12 יִּשְׁלַ֗ח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.sent|Ref=GEN_20:2!8|MId=o010200020082|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:010200020091;|Type=wayyiqtol 13 אֲבִימֶ֙לֶךְ֙ אֲבִימֶלֶךְ PROPN _ _ 12 nsubj _ Gloss=Abimelech|Ref=GEN_20:2!9|MId=o010200020091|Strong=0040 14 מֶ֣לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 appos _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=GEN_20:2!10|MId=o010200020101|Strong=4428 15 גְּרָ֔ר גְּרָר PROPN _ _ 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Gerar|Ref=GEN_20:2!11|MId=o010200020111|Strong=1642 16-17 וַיִּקַּ֖ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_20:2!12|MId=o010200020121|Strong=2050b 17 יִּקַּ֖ח לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.took|Ref=GEN_20:2!12|MId=o010200020122|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:010200020091;A1:010200020141;|Type=wayyiqtol 18 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=GEN_20:2!13|MId=o010200020131|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 19 שָׂרָֽה שָׂרָה PROPN _ _ 17 obj _ Gloss=Sarah|Ref=GEN_20:2!14|MId=o010200020141|Strong=8283|SpaceAfter=No 20 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 19 punct _ Ref=GEN_20:2!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | אַבְרָהָם *Abraham* | | | | | יִּשְׁלַח *he sent* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲבִימֶלֶךְ *Abimelech* | | | | | יִּקַּח *he took* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲבִימֶלֶךְ *Abimelech* | שָׂרָֽה *Sarah* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר אַבְרָהָם עַל שָׂרָה אִתְּתֵהּ אֲחָתִי הִיא וּשְׁלַח אֲבִימֶלֶךְ מַלְכָּא דִּגְרָר וּדְבַר יָת שָׂרָה The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Abraham said of Sarah his wife: 'She is my sister.' And Abimelech king of Gerar sent, and took Sarah.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.522/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:497`. - ← previous: [Genesis 20:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.20.1/) - next →: [Genesis 20:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.20.3/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/20/)