--- title: Genesis 20:3 — But God came to Abimelech in a dream of the night, and said to him:… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: But God came to Abimelech in a dream of the night, and said to him: 'Behold, thou shalt die, because of the woman whom thou hast taken; for she is a man's wife.' Who acts: God, thou, woman. Genesis 20:3 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.20.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/20/) / 20:3 # Genesis 20:3 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** God, thou, woman · **What happens:** come, say, die, take, be, dream · **To what, where:** Abimelech, dream, God, woman, wife, night · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 20:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — God, thou, woman — and what happens in the verse to Abimelech, dream, God, woman, wife, night, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיָּבֹ֧א אֱלֹהִ֛ים אֶל־אֲבִימֶ֖לֶךְ בַּחֲל֣וֹם הַלָּ֑יְלָה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֗וֹ הִנְּךָ֥ מֵת֙ עַל־הָאִשָּׁ֣ה אֲשֶׁר־לָקַ֔חְתָּ וְהִ֖וא בְּעֻ֥לַת בָּֽעַל׃ [But God came to Abimelech in a dream of the night, and said to him: 'Behold, thou shalt die, because of the woman whom thou hast taken; for she is a man's wife.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.523/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:498 # text = וַיָּבֹ֧א אֱלֹהִ֛ים אֶל־אֲבִימֶ֖לֶךְ בַּחֲל֣וֹם הַלָּ֑יְלָה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֗וֹ הִנְּךָ֥ מֵת֙ עַל־הָאִשָּׁ֣ה אֲשֶׁר־לָקַ֔חְתָּ וְהִ֖וא בְּעֻ֥לַת בָּֽעַל׃ # verse = GEN.20.3 1-2 וַיָּבֹ֧א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_20:3!1|MId=o010200030011|Strong=2050b 2 יָּבֹ֧א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.came|Ref=GEN_20:3!1|MId=o010200030012|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:010200030021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אֱלֹהִ֛ים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=God|Ref=GEN_20:3!2|MId=o010200030021|Strong=0430 4 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_20:3!3|MId=o010200030031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 5 אֲבִימֶ֖לֶךְ אֲבִימֶלֶךְ PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Abimelech|Ref=GEN_20:3!4|MId=o010200030041|Strong=0040 6-7 בַּחֲל֣וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=in.(the)|Ref=GEN_20:3!5|MId=o010200030051|Strong=0871a 7 חֲל֣וֹם חֲלוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=dream|Ref=GEN_20:3!5|MId=o010200030052|Strong=2472 8-9 הַלָּ֑יְלָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=GEN_20:3!6|MId=o010200030061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 לָּ֑יְלָה לַיְלָה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.night|Ref=GEN_20:3!6|MId=o010200030062|Strong=3915 10-11 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_20:3!7|MId=o010200030071|Strong=2050b 11 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=GEN_20:3!7|MId=o010200030072|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010200030021;|Type=wayyiqtol 12-13 ל֗וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 ל לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_20:3!8|MId=o010200030081|Strong=3807a 13 ֗וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=GEN_20:3!8|MId=o010200030082|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 14-15 הִנְּךָ֥ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הִנּ הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 16 nsubj _ Gloss=here|Ref=GEN_20:3!9|MId=o010200030091|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 15 ְךָ֥ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=GEN_20:3!9|MId=o010200030092|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 16 מֵת֙ מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 11 ccomp _ Gloss=[are].about.to.die|Ref=GEN_20:3!10|MId=o010200030101|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:010200030092;|Type=participle_active 17 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=GEN_20:3!11|MId=o010200030111|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 18-19 הָאִשָּׁ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_20:3!12|MId=o010200030121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 אִשָּׁ֣ה אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 16 obl _ Gloss=woman|Ref=GEN_20:3!12|MId=o010200030122|Strong=0802 20 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 21 mark _ Gloss=whom|Ref=GEN_20:3!13|MId=o010200030131|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 21 לָקַ֔חְתָּ לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 19 acl:relcl _ Gloss=you.have.taken|Ref=GEN_20:3!14|MId=o010200030141|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:010200030041;A1:010200030122;|Type=qatal 22-23 וְהִ֖וא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_20:3!15|MId=o010200030151|Strong=2050b 23 הִ֖וא הִיא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj _ Gloss=she|Ref=GEN_20:3!15|MId=o010200030152|Strong=1931a|Type=personal 24 בְּעֻ֥לַת בָּעַל VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 16 conj _ Gloss=[is].married|Ref=GEN_20:3!16|MId=o010200030161|Strong=1166|Type=participle_passive 25 בָּֽעַל בַּעַל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.a.husband|Ref=GEN_20:3!17|MId=o010200030171|Strong=1167|SpaceAfter=No 26 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=GEN_20:3!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָּבֹא *he came* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֱלֹהִים *God* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֱלֹהִים *God* | | | | | מֵת *\[are\] about to die* | participle active · qal | ְךָ *you* | | | | | לָקַחְתָּ *you have taken* | qatal · qal | אֲבִימֶלֶךְ *Abimelech* | אִשָּׁה *woman* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַאֲתָא מֵימַר מִן קָדָם יְיָ לְוַת אֲבִימֶלֶךְ בְּחֶלְמָא דְלֵילְיָא וַאֲמַר לֵהּ הָא אַתְּ מִית עַל עֵיסַק אִתְּתָא דִּדְבַרְתָּא וְהִיא אִתַּת גְּבָר The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [But God came to Abimelech in a dream of the night, and said to him: 'Behold, thou shalt die, because of the woman whom thou hast taken; for she is a man's wife.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.523/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:498`. - ← previous: [Genesis 20:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.20.2/) - next →: [Genesis 20:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.20.4/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/20/)