--- title: Genesis 20:8 — And Abimelech rose early in the morning, and called all his servants… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Abimelech rose early in the morning, and called all his servants, and told all these things in their ears; and the men were sore afraid. Who acts: Abimelech, men. Genesis 20:8 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.20.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/20/) / 20:8 # Genesis 20:8 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** Abimelech, men · **What happens:** rise, call, tell, be · **To what, where:** servants, things, ears · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 20:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Abimelech, men — and what happens in the verse to servants, things, ears, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֨ם אֲבִימֶ֜לֶךְ בַּבֹּ֗קֶר וַיִּקְרָא֙ לְכָל־עֲבָדָ֔יו וַיְדַבֵּ֛ר אֶת־כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה בְּאָזְנֵיהֶ֑ם וַיִּֽירְא֥וּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים מְאֹֽד׃ [And Abimelech rose early in the morning, and called all his servants, and told all these things in their ears; and the men were sore afraid.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.530/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:503 # text = וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֨ם אֲבִימֶ֜לֶךְ בַּבֹּ֗קֶר וַיִּקְרָא֙ לְכָל־עֲבָדָ֔יו וַיְדַבֵּ֛ר אֶת־כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה בְּאָזְנֵיהֶ֑ם וַיִּֽירְא֥וּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים מְאֹֽד׃ # verse = GEN.20.8 1-2 וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֨ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_20:8!1|MId=o010200080011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּשְׁכֵּ֨ם שָׁכַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.rose.early|Ref=GEN_20:8!1|MId=o010200080012|Strong=7925|Frame=A0:010200080021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אֲבִימֶ֜לֶךְ אֲבִימֶלֶךְ PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Abimelech|Ref=GEN_20:8!2|MId=o010200080021|Strong=0040 4-6 בַּבֹּ֗קֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=GEN_20:8!3|MId=o010200080031|Strong=0871a 5 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_20:8!3|MId=o010200080031ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 בֹּ֗קֶר בֹּקֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=morning|Ref=GEN_20:8!3|MId=o010200080032|Strong=1242 7-8 וַיִּקְרָא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_20:8!4|MId=o010200080041|Strong=2050b 8 יִּקְרָא֙ קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.summoned|Ref=GEN_20:8!4|MId=o010200080042|Strong=7121|Frame=A0:010200080021;|Type=wayyiqtol 9-10 לְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=GEN_20:8!5|MId=o010200080051|Strong=3807a 10 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=GEN_20:8!5|MId=o010200080052|Strong=3605 11-12 עֲבָדָ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 עֲבָדָ֔י עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=servants|Ref=GEN_20:8!6|MId=o010200080061|Strong=5650 12 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=GEN_20:8!6|MId=o010200080062|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 13-14 וַיְדַבֵּ֛ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_20:8!7|MId=o010200080071|Strong=2050b 14 יְדַבֵּ֛ר דָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.spoke|Ref=GEN_20:8!7|MId=o010200080072|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:010200080021;A1:010200080102;|Type=wayyiqtol 15 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=GEN_20:8!8|MId=o010200080081|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 16 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=GEN_20:8!9|MId=o010200080091|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 17-18 הַדְּבָרִ֥ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_20:8!10|MId=o010200080101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 דְּבָרִ֥ים דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=words|Ref=GEN_20:8!10|MId=o010200080102|Strong=1697 19-20 הָאֵ֖לֶּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=GEN_20:8!11|MId=o010200080111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 אֵ֖לֶּה אֵלֶּה DET _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 18 det _ Gloss=these|Ref=GEN_20:8!11|MId=o010200080112|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 21-23 בְּאָזְנֵיהֶ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=GEN_20:8!12|MId=o010200080121|Strong=0871a 22 אָזְנֵי אֹזֶן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 14 obl _ Gloss=ears|Ref=GEN_20:8!12|MId=o010200080122|Strong=0241 23 הֶ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=GEN_20:8!12|MId=o010200080123|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 24-25 וַיִּֽירְא֥וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_20:8!13|MId=o010200080131|Strong=2050b 25 יִּֽירְא֥וּ יָרֵא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.were.afraid|Ref=GEN_20:8!13|MId=o010200080132|Strong=3372|Frame=A0:010200080142;|Type=wayyiqtol 26-27 הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_20:8!14|MId=o010200080141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 אֲנָשִׁ֖ים אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 25 nsubj _ Gloss=men|Ref=GEN_20:8!14|MId=o010200080142|Strong=0376 28 מְאֹֽד מְאֹד ADV _ _ 25 advmod _ Gloss=exceedingly|Ref=GEN_20:8!15|MId=o010200080151|Strong=3966|SpaceAfter=No 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=GEN_20:8!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּשְׁכֵּם *he rose early* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | אֲבִימֶלֶךְ *Abimelech* | | | | | יִּקְרָא *he summoned* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲבִימֶלֶךְ *Abimelech* | | | | | יְדַבֵּר *he spoke* | wayyiqtol · piel | אֲבִימֶלֶךְ *Abimelech* | דְּבָרִים *words* | | | | יִּֽירְאוּ *they were afraid* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וְאַקְדֵּים אֲבִימֶלֶךְ בְּצַפְרָא וּקְרָא לְכָל עַבְדּוֹהִי וּמַלִּיל יַת כָּל פִּתְגָּמַיָּא הָאִלֵּין קֳדָמֵיהוֹן וּדְחִילוּ גּוּבְרַיָּא לַחֲדָא The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Abimelech rose early in the morning, and called all his servants, and told all these things in their ears; and the men were sore afraid.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.530/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:503`. - ← previous: [Genesis 20:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.20.7/) - next →: [Genesis 20:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.20.9/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/20/)