--- title: Genesis 21:17 — And God heard the voice of the lad; and the angel of God called to H… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And God heard the voice of the lad; and the angel of God called to Hagar out of heaven, and said unto her: 'What aileth thee, Hagar? fear not; for God hath heard the voice of the lad where he is. Who acts: God, angel. Genesis 21:17 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.21.17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/21/) / 21:17 # Genesis 21:17 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** God, angel · **What happens:** hear, call, say, ail, not fear · **To what, where:** voice, Hagar, heaven, thee · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 21:17 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — God, angel — and what happens in the verse to voice, Hagar, heaven, thee, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע אֱלֹהִים֮ אֶת־ק֣וֹל הַנַּעַר֒ וַיִּקְרָא֩ מַלְאַ֨ךְ אֱלֹהִ֤ים ׀ אֶל־הָגָר֙ מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וַיֹּ֥אמֶר לָ֖הּ מַה־לָּ֣ךְ הָגָ֑ר אַל־תִּ֣ירְאִ֔י כִּֽי־שָׁמַ֧ע אֱלֹהִ֛ים אֶל־ק֥וֹל הַנַּ֖עַר בַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר הוּא־שָֽׁם׃ [And God heard the voice of the lad; and the angel of God called to Hagar out of heaven, and said unto her: 'What aileth thee, Hagar? fear not; for God hath heard the voice of the lad where he is.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.558/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:530 # text = וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע אֱלֹהִים֮ אֶת־ק֣וֹל הַנַּעַר֒ וַיִּקְרָא֩ מַלְאַ֨ךְ אֱלֹהִ֤ים ׀ אֶל־הָגָר֙ מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וַיֹּ֥אמֶר לָ֖הּ מַה־לָּ֣ךְ הָגָ֑ר אַל־תִּ֣ירְאִ֔י כִּֽי־שָׁמַ֧ע אֱלֹהִ֛ים אֶל־ק֥וֹל הַנַּ֖עַר בַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר הוּא־שָֽׁם׃ # verse = GEN.21.17 1-2 וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_21:17!1|MId=o010210170011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּשְׁמַ֣ע שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.heard|Ref=GEN_21:17!1|MId=o010210170012|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:010210170021;A1:010210170041;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אֱלֹהִים֮ אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=God|Ref=GEN_21:17!2|MId=o010210170021|Strong=0430 4 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=GEN_21:17!3|MId=o010210170031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 5 ק֣וֹל קוֹל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=the.sound|Ref=GEN_21:17!4|MId=o010210170041|Strong=6963 6-7 הַנַּעַר֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=GEN_21:17!5|MId=o010210170051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 נַּעַר֒ נַעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.lad|Ref=GEN_21:17!5|MId=o010210170052|Strong=5288 8-9 וַיִּקְרָא֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_21:17!6|MId=o010210170061|Strong=2050b 9 יִּקְרָא֩ קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.called|Ref=GEN_21:17!6|MId=o010210170062|Strong=7121|Frame=A0:010210170071;|Type=wayyiqtol 10 מַלְאַ֨ךְ מַלְאָךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ Gloss=the.angel|Ref=GEN_21:17!7|MId=o010210170071|Strong=4397 11 אֱלֹהִ֤ים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.God|Ref=GEN_21:17!8|MId=o010210170081|Strong=0430 12 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 11 punct _ Ref=GEN_21:17!8 13 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_21:17!9|MId=o010210170091|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 14 הָגָר֙ הָגָר PROPN _ _ 9 obl _ Gloss=Hagar|Ref=GEN_21:17!10|MId=o010210170101|Strong=1904 15 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=GEN_21:17!11|MId=o010210170111|Strong=4480|SpaceAfter=No 16-17 הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_21:17!12|MId=o010210170121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 שָּׁמַ֔יִם שָׁמַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 obl _ Gloss=heavens|Ref=GEN_21:17!12|MId=o010210170122|Strong=8064 18-19 וַיֹּ֥אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_21:17!13|MId=o010210170131|Strong=2050b 19 יֹּ֥אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=GEN_21:17!13|MId=o010210170132|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010210170071;|Type=wayyiqtol 20-21 לָ֖הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 ל לְ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_21:17!14|MId=o010210170141|Strong=3807a 21 ָ֖הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 obl _ Gloss=her|Ref=GEN_21:17!14|MId=o010210170142|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 22 מַה־ מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 24 nsubj _ Gloss=what?|Ref=GEN_21:17!15|MId=o010210170151|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative|SpaceAfter=No 23-24 לָּ֣ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 לּ לְ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=[is].to|Ref=GEN_21:17!16|MId=o010210170161|Strong=3807a 24 ָ֣ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 19 ccomp _ Gloss=you|Ref=GEN_21:17!16|MId=o010210170162|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 25 הָגָ֑ר הָגָר PROPN _ _ 24 parataxis _ Gloss=O.Hagar|Ref=GEN_21:17!17|MId=o010210170171|Strong=1904 26 אַל־ אַל ADV _ _ 27 advmod _ Gloss=do.not|Ref=GEN_21:17!18|MId=o010210170181|Strong=0408|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 27 תִּ֣ירְאִ֔י יָרֵא VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 24 parataxis _ Gloss=be.afraid|Ref=GEN_21:17!19|MId=o010210170191|Strong=3372|Frame=A0:010210170171;|Type=jussive 28 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 29 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=GEN_21:17!20|MId=o010210170201|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 29 שָׁמַ֧ע שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 24 advcl _ Gloss=he.has.listened|Ref=GEN_21:17!21|MId=o010210170211|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:010210170221;|Type=qatal 30 אֱלֹהִ֛ים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 29 nsubj _ Gloss=God|Ref=GEN_21:17!22|MId=o010210170221|Strong=0430 31 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_21:17!23|MId=o010210170231|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 32 ק֥וֹל קוֹל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 obl _ Gloss=the.sound|Ref=GEN_21:17!24|MId=o010210170241|Strong=6963 33-34 הַנַּ֖עַר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 34 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=GEN_21:17!25|MId=o010210170251|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 34 נַּ֖עַר נַעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.lad|Ref=GEN_21:17!25|MId=o010210170252|Strong=5288 35-36 בַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 29 obl _ Gloss=at|Ref=GEN_21:17!26|MId=o010210170261|Strong=0871a 36 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 38 mark _ Gloss=where|Ref=GEN_21:17!26|MId=o010210170262|Strong=0834|Type=relative 37 הוּא־ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=GEN_21:17!27|MId=o010210170271|Strong=1931|Type=personal|SpaceAfter=No 38 שָֽׁם שָׁם ADV _ _ 35 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[is].there|Ref=GEN_21:17!28|MId=o010210170281|Strong=8033|SpaceAfter=No 39 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 38 punct _ Ref=GEN_21:17!28 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּשְׁמַע *he heard* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֱלֹהִים *God* | קוֹל *the sound* | | | | יִּקְרָא *he called* | wayyiqtol · qal | מַלְאַךְ *the angel* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | מַלְאַךְ *the angel* | | | | | **not** תִּירְאִי *be afraid* | jussive · qal | הָגָר *O Hagar* | | | | | שָׁמַע *he has listened* | qatal · qal | אֱלֹהִים *God* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וּשְׁמִיעַ קֳדָם יְיָ יָת קָלֵהּ דְּרַבְיָא וּקְרָא מַלְאֲכָא דַּיְיָ לְהָגָר מִן שְׁמַיָּא וַאֲמַר לַהּ מָה לָיךְ הָגָר לָא תִדְחֲלִי אֲרֵי שְׁמִיעַ קֳדָם יְיָ יָת קָלֵהּ דְּרַבְיָא בַּאֲתַר דְּהוּא תַמָּן The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And God heard the voice of the lad; and the angel of God called to Hagar out of heaven, and said unto her: 'What aileth thee, Hagar? fear not; for God hath heard the voice of the lad where he is.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.558/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:530`. - ← previous: [Genesis 21:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.21.16/) - next →: [Genesis 21:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.21.18/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/21/)