--- title: Genesis 22:12 — And he said: 'Lay not thy hand upon the lad, neither do thou any thi… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And he said: 'Lay not thy hand upon the lad, neither do thou any thing unto him; for now I know that thou art a God-fearing man, seeing thou hast not withheld thy son, thine only son, from Me.' Who acts: Abraham, I, thou. Genesis 22:12 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.22.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/22/) / 22:12 # Genesis 22:12 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** Abraham, I, thou · **What happens:** say, not lay, know, fear, be, see · **To what, where:** hand, lad, fearing man, son · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 22:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Abraham, I, thou — and what happens in the verse to hand, lad, fearing man, son, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אַל־תִּשְׁלַ֤ח יָֽדְךָ֙ אֶל־הַנַּ֔עַר וְאַל־תַּ֥עַשׂ ל֖וֹ מְא֑וּמָּהכִּ֣י ׀ עַתָּ֣ה יָדַ֗עְתִּי כִּֽי־יְרֵ֤א אֱלֹהִים֙ אַ֔תָּה וְלֹ֥א חָשַׂ֛כְתָּ אֶת־בִּנְךָ֥ אֶת־יְחִידְךָ֖ מִמֶּֽנִּי׃ [And he said: 'Lay not thy hand upon the lad, neither do thou any thing unto him; for now I know that thou art a God-fearing man, seeing thou hast not withheld thy son, thine only son, from Me.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.587/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:559 # text = וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אַל־תִּשְׁלַ֤ח יָֽדְךָ֙ אֶל־הַנַּ֔עַר וְאַל־תַּ֥עַשׂ ל֖וֹ מְא֑וּמָּהכִּ֣י ׀ עַתָּ֣ה יָדַ֗עְתִּי כִּֽי־יְרֵ֤א אֱלֹהִים֙ אַ֔תָּה וְלֹ֥א חָשַׂ֛כְתָּ אֶת־בִּנְךָ֥ אֶת־יְחִידְךָ֖ מִמֶּֽנִּי׃ # verse = GEN.22.12 1-2 וַיֹּ֗אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_22:12!1|MId=o010220120011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֗אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=GEN_22:12!1|MId=o010220120012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010220110031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אַל־ אַל ADV _ _ 4 advmod _ Gloss=do.not|Ref=GEN_22:12!2|MId=o010220120021|Strong=0408|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 4 תִּשְׁלַ֤ח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=stretch.out|Ref=GEN_22:12!3|MId=o010220120031|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:010220100021;A1:010220120041;|Type=jussive 5-6 יָֽדְךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 יָֽד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 4 obj _ Gloss=hand|Ref=GEN_22:12!4|MId=o010220120041|Strong=3027 6 ְךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=GEN_22:12!4|MId=o010220120042|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 7 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=GEN_22:12!5|MId=o010220120051|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 8-9 הַנַּ֔עַר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_22:12!6|MId=o010220120061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 נַּ֔עַר נַעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 obl _ Gloss=lad|Ref=GEN_22:12!6|MId=o010220120062|Strong=5288 10-11 וְאַל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_22:12!7|MId=o010220120071|Strong=2050b 11 אַל־ אַל ADV _ _ 12 advmod _ Gloss=do.not|Ref=GEN_22:12!7|MId=o010220120072|Strong=0408|Type=negative 12 תַּ֥עַשׂ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 4 conj _ Gloss=do|Ref=GEN_22:12!8|MId=o010220120081|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:010220100021;A1:010220120101;|Type=jussive 13-14 ל֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 ל לְ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_22:12!9|MId=o010220120091|Strong=3807a 14 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=GEN_22:12!9|MId=o010220120092|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 15-16 מְא֑וּמָּהכִּ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 מְא֑וּמָּה מְאוּמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 12 obj _ Gloss=anything|Ref=GEN_22:12!10|MId=o010220120101|Strong=3972 16 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 19 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=GEN_22:12!11|MId=o010220120111|Strong=3588 17 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 16 punct _ Ref=GEN_22:12!11 18 עַתָּ֣ה עַתָּה ADV _ _ 19 advmod _ Gloss=now|Ref=GEN_22:12!12|MId=o010220120121|Strong=6258 19 יָדַ֗עְתִּי יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 4 advcl _ Gloss=I.know|Ref=GEN_22:12!13|MId=o010220120131|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:010220110031;A1:010220120151;|Type=qatal 20 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 21 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=GEN_22:12!14|MId=o010220120141|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 21 יְרֵ֤א יָרֵא ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 ccomp _ Gloss=[are.one].fearing|Ref=GEN_22:12!15|MId=o010220120151|Strong=3373|Type=adjective 22 אֱלֹהִים֙ אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 21 obj _ Gloss=(of).God|Ref=GEN_22:12!16|MId=o010220120161|Strong=0430 23 אַ֔תָּה אַתָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 21 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=GEN_22:12!17|MId=o010220120171|Strong=0859|Type=personal 24-25 וְלֹ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_22:12!18|MId=o010220120181|Strong=2050b 25 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 26 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=GEN_22:12!18|MId=o010220120182|Strong=3808|Type=negative 26 חָשַׂ֛כְתָּ חָשַׂךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 4 conj _ Gloss=you.have.withheld|Ref=GEN_22:12!19|MId=o010220120191|Strong=2820|Frame=A0:010220100021;A1:010220120211;|Type=qatal 27 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=GEN_22:12!20|MId=o010220120201|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 28-29 בִּנְךָ֥ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 בִּנ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 obj _ Gloss=son|Ref=GEN_22:12!21|MId=o010220120211|Strong=1121 29 ְךָ֥ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=GEN_22:12!21|MId=o010220120212|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 30 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=GEN_22:12!22|MId=o010220120221|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 31-32 יְחִידְךָ֖ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 יְחִיד יָחִיד ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 appos _ Gloss=your.only|Ref=GEN_22:12!23|MId=o010220120231|Strong=3173|Type=adjective 32 ְךָ֖ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[son]|Ref=GEN_22:12!23|MId=o010220120232|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 33-34 מִמֶּֽנִּי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 מִמּ מִן ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=GEN_22:12!24|MId=o010220120241|Strong=4480 34 ֶֽנִּי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 26 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=GEN_22:12!24|MId=o010220120242|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 35 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 34 punct _ Ref=GEN_22:12!24 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | **not** תִּשְׁלַח *stretch out* | jussive · qal | | יָֽד *hand* | | | | **not** תַּעַשׂ *do* | jussive · qal | | מְאוּמָּה *anything* | | | | יָדַעְתִּי *I know* | qatal · qal | | יְרֵא *\[are one\] fearing* | | | | **not** חָשַׂכְתָּ *you have withheld* | qatal · qal | | בִּנ *son* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר לָא תוֹשִׁיט יְדָךְ לְעוּלֵימָא וְלָא תַעְבֵּד לֵהּ מִדָּעָם אֲרֵי כְּעַן יְדַעְנָא (נ''י יְדָעִית) אֲרֵי דַּחֲלָא דַּיְיָ אַתְּ וְלָא מְנַעְתָּ יָת בְּרָךְ יָת יְחִידָךְ מִנִּי The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And he said: 'Lay not thy hand upon the lad, neither do thou any thing unto him; for now I know that thou art a God-fearing man, seeing thou hast not withheld thy son, thine only son, from Me.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.587/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:559`. - ← previous: [Genesis 22:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.22.11/) - next →: [Genesis 22:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.22.13/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/22/)