--- title: Genesis 22:16 — and said: 'By Myself have I sworn, saith the LORD, because thou hast… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: and said: 'By Myself have I sworn, saith the LORD, because thou hast done this thing, and hast not withheld thy son, thine only son, Who acts: I, LORD, thou. Genesis 22:16 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.22.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/22/) / 22:16 # Genesis 22:16 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** I, LORD, thou · **What happens:** say, swear, do, not withhold · **To what, where:** thing, son · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 22:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, LORD, thou — and what happens in the verse to thing, son, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֕אמֶר בִּ֥י נִשְׁבַּ֖עְתִּי נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה כִּ֗י יַ֚עַן אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשִׂ֙יתָ֙ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה וְלֹ֥א חָשַׂ֖כְתָּ אֶת־בִּנְךָ֥ אֶת־יְחִידֶֽךָ׃ [and said: 'By Myself have I sworn, saith the LORD, because thou hast done this thing, and hast not withheld thy son, thine only son,](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.592/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:563 # text = וַיֹּ֕אמֶר בִּ֥י נִשְׁבַּ֖עְתִּי נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה כִּ֗י יַ֚עַן אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשִׂ֙יתָ֙ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה וְלֹ֥א חָשַׂ֖כְתָּ אֶת־בִּנְךָ֥ אֶת־יְחִידֶֽךָ׃ # verse = GEN.22.16 1-2 וַיֹּ֕אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_22:16!1|MId=o010220160011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֕אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=GEN_22:16!1|MId=o010220160012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010220150021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 בִּ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=GEN_22:16!2|MId=o010220160021|Strong=0871a 4 ִ֥י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 5 obl _ Gloss=myself|Ref=GEN_22:16!2|MId=o010220160022|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 5 נִשְׁבַּ֖עְתִּי שָׁבַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 ccomp _ Gloss=I.swear|Ref=GEN_22:16!3|MId=o010220160031|Strong=7650|Frame=A0:010220160051;|Type=qatal 6 נְאֻם־ נְאֻם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 parataxis _ Gloss=the.utterance|Ref=GEN_22:16!4|MId=o010220160041|Strong=5002|SpaceAfter=No 7 יְהוָ֑ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=GEN_22:16!5|MId=o010220160051|Strong=3068 8 כִּ֗י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 11 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=GEN_22:16!6|MId=o010220160061|Strong=3588 9 יַ֚עַן יַעַן ADV _ _ 11 advmod _ Gloss=because|Ref=GEN_22:16!7|MId=o010220160071|Strong=3282 10 אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 11 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=GEN_22:16!8|MId=o010220160081|Strong=0834|Type=relative 11 עָשִׂ֙יתָ֙ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 5 advcl _ Gloss=you.have.done|Ref=GEN_22:16!9|MId=o010220160091|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:010220150051;A1:010220160112;|Type=qatal 12 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=GEN_22:16!10|MId=o010220160101|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 13-14 הַדָּבָ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_22:16!11|MId=o010220160111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 דָּבָ֣ר דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 obj _ Gloss=thing|Ref=GEN_22:16!11|MId=o010220160112|Strong=1697 15-16 הַזֶּ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=GEN_22:16!12|MId=o010220160121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 זֶּ֔ה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 14 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=GEN_22:16!12|MId=o010220160122|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 17-18 וְלֹ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_22:16!13|MId=o010220160131|Strong=2050b 18 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 19 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=GEN_22:16!13|MId=o010220160132|Strong=3808|Type=negative 19 חָשַׂ֖כְתָּ חָשַׂךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 11 conj _ Gloss=you.have.withheld|Ref=GEN_22:16!14|MId=o010220160141|Strong=2820|Frame=A0:010220150051;A1:010220160161;|Type=qatal 20 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=GEN_22:16!15|MId=o010220160151|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 21-22 בִּנְךָ֥ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 בִּנ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 obj _ Gloss=son|Ref=GEN_22:16!16|MId=o010220160161|Strong=1121 22 ְךָ֥ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=GEN_22:16!16|MId=o010220160162|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 23 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=GEN_22:16!17|MId=o010220160171|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 24-25 יְחִידֶֽךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 יְחִיד יָחִיד ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 appos _ Gloss=your.only|Ref=GEN_22:16!18|MId=o010220160181|Strong=3173|Type=adjective 25 ֶֽךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[son]|Ref=GEN_22:16!18|MId=o010220160182|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 26 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=GEN_22:16!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | נִשְׁבַּעְתִּי *I swear* | qatal · niphal | יְהוָה *of Yahweh* | | | | | עָשִׂיתָ *you have done* | qatal · qal | | דָּבָר *thing* | | | | **not** חָשַׂכְתָּ *you have withheld* | qatal · qal | | בִּנ *son* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר בְּמֵימְרִי קַיֵּמִית אֲמַר יְיָ אֲרֵי חֲלַף דִּי עֲבַדְתָּא יָת פִּתְגָּמָא הָדֵין וְלָא מְנַעְתָּא יָת בְּרָךְ יָת יְחִידָךְ The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [and said: 'By Myself have I sworn, saith the LORD, because thou hast done this thing, and hast not withheld thy son, thine only son,](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.592/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:563`. - ← previous: [Genesis 22:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.22.15/) - next →: [Genesis 22:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.22.17/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/22/)