--- title: Genesis 3:17 — And unto Adam He said: 'Because thou hast hearkened unto the voice o… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And unto Adam He said: 'Because thou hast hearkened unto the voice of thy wife, and hast eaten of the tree, of which I commanded thee, saying: Thou shalt not eat of it; cursed is the ground for thy sake; in toil shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life. Who acts: Adam, thou, I. Genesis 3:17 in --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.3.17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/3/) / 3:17 # Genesis 3:17 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** Adam, thou, I · **What happens:** say, hearken, eat, command, not eat, curse · **To what, where:** thee, ground, toil · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 3:17 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Adam, thou, I — and what happens in the verse to thee, ground, toil, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּלְאָדָ֣ם אָמַ֗ר כִּֽי־שָׁמַעְתָּ֮לְק֣וֹל אִשְׁתֶּךָ֒ וַתֹּ֙אכַל֙ מִן־הָעֵ֔ץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר צִוִּיתִ֙יךָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לֹ֥א תֹאכַ֖ל מִמֶּ֑נּוּ אֲרוּרָ֤ה הָֽאֲדָמָה֙ בַּֽעֲבוּרֶ֔ךָ בְּעִצָּבוֹן֙ תֹּֽאכֲלֶ֔נָּה כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֥י חַיֶּֽיךָ׃ [And unto Adam He said: 'Because thou hast hearkened unto the voice of thy wife, and hast eaten of the tree, of which I commanded thee, saying: Thou shalt not eat of it; cursed is the ground for thy sake; in toil shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.78/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:72 # text = וּלְאָדָ֣ם אָמַ֗ר כִּֽי־שָׁמַעְתָּ֮לְק֣וֹל אִשְׁתֶּךָ֒ וַתֹּ֙אכַל֙ מִן־הָעֵ֔ץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר צִוִּיתִ֙יךָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לֹ֥א תֹאכַ֖ל מִמֶּ֑נּוּ אֲרוּרָ֤ה הָֽאֲדָמָה֙ בַּֽעֲבוּרֶ֔ךָ בְּעִצָּבוֹן֙ תֹּֽאכֲלֶ֔נָּה כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֥י חַיֶּֽיךָ׃ # verse = GEN.3.17 1-3 וּלְאָדָ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_3:17!1|MId=o010030170011|Strong=2050b 2 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_3:17!1|MId=o010030170012|Strong=3807a 3 אָדָ֣ם אָדָם PROPN _ _ 4 obl _ Gloss=Adam|Ref=GEN_3:17!1|MId=o010030170013|Strong=0121 4 אָמַ֗ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=GEN_3:17!2|MId=o010030170021|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010030140021;|Type=qatal 5 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 6 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=GEN_3:17!3|MId=o010030170031|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 6-8 שָׁמַעְתָּ֮לְק֣וֹל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 שָׁמַעְתָּ֮ שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 4 advcl _ Gloss=you.listened|Ref=GEN_3:17!4|MId=o010030170041|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:010030170013;|Type=qatal 7 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_3:17!5|MId=o010030170051|Strong=3807a 8 ק֣וֹל קוֹל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=the.voice|Ref=GEN_3:17!5|MId=o010030170052|Strong=6963 9-10 אִשְׁתֶּךָ֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 אִשְׁתּ אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=your.wife|Ref=GEN_3:17!6|MId=o010030170061|Strong=0802 10 ֶךָ֒ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=GEN_3:17!6|MId=o010030170062|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 11-12 וַתֹּ֙אכַל֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_3:17!7|MId=o010030170071|Strong=2050b 12 תֹּ֙אכַל֙ אָכַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 4 conj _ Gloss=you.ate|Ref=GEN_3:17!7|MId=o010030170072|Strong=0398|Frame=A0:010030170013;|Type=wayyiqtol 13 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=GEN_3:17!8|MId=o010030170081|Strong=4480|SpaceAfter=No 14-15 הָעֵ֔ץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_3:17!9|MId=o010030170091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 עֵ֔ץ עֵץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=tree|Ref=GEN_3:17!9|MId=o010030170092|Strong=6086 16 אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 17 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=GEN_3:17!10|MId=o010030170101|Strong=0834|Type=relative 17-18 צִוִּיתִ֙יךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 צִוִּיתִ֙י צָוָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 15 acl:relcl _ Gloss=I|Ref=GEN_3:17!11|MId=o010030170111|Strong=6680|Frame=A0:010030140021;A1:010030170112;|Type=qatal 18 ךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 17 obj _ Gloss=commanded.you|Ref=GEN_3:17!11|MId=o010030170112|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 19-20 לֵאמֹ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 22 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=GEN_3:17!12|MId=o010030170121|Strong=3807a 20 אמֹ֔ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 19 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=GEN_3:17!12|MId=o010030170122|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010030140021;A1:010030170141;|Type=infinitive_construct 21 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 22 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=GEN_3:17!13|MId=o010030170131|Strong=3808|Type=negative 22 תֹאכַ֖ל אָכַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 17 ccomp _ Gloss=you.must.eat|Ref=GEN_3:17!14|MId=o010030170141|Strong=0398|Frame=A0:010030170112;|Type=yiqtol 23-24 מִמֶּ֑נּוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 מִמּ מִן ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=GEN_3:17!15|MId=o010030170151|Strong=4480 24 ֶ֑נּוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 22 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=GEN_3:17!15|MId=o010030170152|Strong=5105b|Type=pronominal 25 אֲרוּרָ֤ה אָרַר VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 4 parataxis _ Gloss=[is].cursed|Ref=GEN_3:17!16|MId=o010030170161|Strong=0779|Frame=A1:010030170172;|Type=participle_passive 26-27 הָֽאֲדָמָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 הָֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_3:17!17|MId=o010030170171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 אֲדָמָה֙ אֲדָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ Gloss=ground|Ref=GEN_3:17!17|MId=o010030170172|Strong=0127 28-30 בַּֽעֲבוּרֶ֔ךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 בַּֽ בְּ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=because|Ref=GEN_3:17!18|MId=o010030170181|Strong=0871a 29 עֲבוּר עָבוּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 obl _ Gloss=of|Ref=GEN_3:17!18|MId=o010030170182|Strong=5668 30 ֶ֔ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 29 nmod _ Gloss=you|Ref=GEN_3:17!18|MId=o010030170183|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 31-32 בְּעִצָּבוֹן֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=GEN_3:17!19|MId=o010030170191|Strong=0871a 32 עִצָּבוֹן֙ עִצָּבוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 obl _ Gloss=pain|Ref=GEN_3:17!19|MId=o010030170192|Strong=6093 33-34 תֹּֽאכֲלֶ֔נָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 תֹּֽאכֲל אָכַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 4 parataxis _ Gloss=you|Ref=GEN_3:17!20|MId=o010030170201|Strong=0398|Frame=A0:010030170013;A1:010030170202;|Type=yiqtol 34 ֶ֔נָּה הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 obj _ Gloss=will.eat.it|Ref=GEN_3:17!20|MId=o010030170202|Strong=5089a|Type=pronominal 35 כֹּ֖ל כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=GEN_3:17!21|MId=o010030170211|Strong=3605 36 יְמֵ֥י יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 35 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.days|Ref=GEN_3:17!22|MId=o010030170221|Strong=3117 37-38 חַיֶּֽיךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 חַיֶּֽי חַיִּים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 36 compound:smixut _ Gloss=your.life|Ref=GEN_3:17!23|MId=o010030170231|Strong=2416 38 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 37 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=GEN_3:17!23|MId=o010030170232|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 39 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 38 punct _ Ref=GEN_3:17!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - indirect: yes - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אָמַר *he said* | qatal · qal | | | | | | שָׁמַעְתָּ *you listened* | qatal · qal | אָדָם *Adam* | | | | | תֹּאכַל *you ate* | wayyiqtol · qal | אָדָם *Adam* | | | | | צִוִּיתִי *I* | qatal · piel | | ךָ *commanded you* | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | | תֹאכַל *you must eat* | | | | **not** תֹאכַל *you must eat* | yiqtol · qal | ךָ *commanded you* | | | | | אֲרוּרָה *\[is\] cursed* | participle passive · qal | | אֲדָמָה *ground* | | | | תֹּֽאכֲל *you* | yiqtol · qal | אָדָם *Adam* | ֶנָּה *will eat it* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וּלְאָדָם אֲמַר אֲרֵי קַבֵּילְתָּ לְמֵימַר אִתְּתָךְ וַאֲכַלְתָּ מִן אִילָנָא דִּי פַקֵּידְתָּךְ לְמֵימַר לָא תֵיכוּל מִנֵּהּ לִיטָא אַרְעָא בְּדִילָךְ בַּעֲמַל תִּיכְלִינַהּ כָּל יוֹמֵי חַיָּיךְ The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And unto Adam He said: 'Because thou hast hearkened unto the voice of thy wife, and hast eaten of the tree, of which I commanded thee, saying: Thou shalt not eat of it; cursed is the ground for thy sake; in toil shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.78/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:72`. - ← previous: [Genesis 3:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.3.16/) - next →: [Genesis 3:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.3.18/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/3/)