--- title: Genesis 31:48 — And Laban said: 'This heap is witness between me and thee this day.'… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Laban said: 'This heap is witness between me and thee this day.' Therefore was the name of it called Galeed; Who acts: Laban, heap. Genesis 31:48 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.31.48/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/31/) / 31:48 # Genesis 31:48 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** Laban, heap · **What happens:** say, be, call, name · **To what, where:** witness, name, heap · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 31:48 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Laban, heap — and what happens in the verse to witness, name, heap, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָבָ֔ן הַגַּ֨ל הַזֶּ֥ה עֵ֛ד בֵּינִ֥י וּבֵינְךָ֖ הַיּ֑וֹם עַל־כֵּ֥ן קָרָֽא־שְׁמ֖וֹגַּלְעֵֽד׃ [And Laban said: 'This heap is witness between me and thee this day.' Therefore was the name of it called Galeed;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.991/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:921 # text = וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָבָ֔ן הַגַּ֨ל הַזֶּ֥ה עֵ֛ד בֵּינִ֥י וּבֵינְךָ֖ הַיּ֑וֹם עַל־כֵּ֥ן קָרָֽא־שְׁמ֖וֹגַּלְעֵֽד׃ # verse = GEN.31.48 1-2 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_31:48!1|MId=o010310480011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=GEN_31:48!1|MId=o010310480012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010310480021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 לָבָ֔ן לָבָן PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Laban|Ref=GEN_31:48!2|MId=o010310480021|Strong=3837 4-5 הַגַּ֨ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_31:48!3|MId=o010310480031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 גַּ֨ל גַּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ Gloss=heap|Ref=GEN_31:48!3|MId=o010310480032|Strong=1530 6-7 הַזֶּ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=GEN_31:48!4|MId=o010310480041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 זֶּ֥ה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 5 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=GEN_31:48!4|MId=o010310480042|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 8 עֵ֛ד עֵד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 ccomp _ Gloss=[is].a.witness|Ref=GEN_31:48!5|MId=o010310480051|Strong=5707 9-10 בֵּינִ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 בֵּינ בֵּין ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=between|Ref=GEN_31:48!6|MId=o010310480061|Strong=0996 10 ִ֥י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 8 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=GEN_31:48!6|MId=o010310480062|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 11-13 וּבֵינְךָ֖ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_31:48!7|MId=o010310480071|Strong=2050b 12 בֵינ בֵּין ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=between|Ref=GEN_31:48!7|MId=o010310480072|Strong=0996 13 ְךָ֖ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 10 conj _ Gloss=you|Ref=GEN_31:48!7|MId=o010310480073|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 14-15 הַיּ֑וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=GEN_31:48!8|MId=o010310480081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 יּ֑וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=GEN_31:48!8|MId=o010310480082|Strong=3117 16 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=GEN_31:48!9|MId=o010310480091|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 17 כֵּ֥ן כֵּן ADV _ _ 2 conj _ Gloss=|Ref=GEN_31:48!10|MId=o010310480101|Strong=3651|Type=demonstrative 18 קָרָֽא־ קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 8 parataxis _ Gloss=he.called|Ref=GEN_31:48!11|MId=o010310480111|Strong=7121|Frame=A0:;A1:010310480121;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 19-21 שְׁמ֖וֹגַּלְעֵֽד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 שְׁמ שֵׁם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 obj _ Gloss=name|Ref=GEN_31:48!12|MId=o010310480121|Strong=8034 20 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=GEN_31:48!12|MId=o010310480122|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 21 גַּלְעֵֽד גַּלְעֵד PROPN _ _ 18 xcomp _ Gloss=Galeed|Ref=GEN_31:48!13|MId=o010310480131|Strong=1567 22 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 21 punct _ Ref=GEN_31:48!13 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | לָבָן *Laban* | | | | | קָרָֽא־ *he called* | qatal · qal | | שְׁמ *name* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר לָבָן דְּגוֹרָא הָדֵין סָהִיד בֵּינִי וּבֵינָךְ יוֹמָא דֵּין עַל כֵּן קְרָא שְׁמֵהּ גַּלְעֵד The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Laban said: 'This heap is witness between me and thee this day.' Therefore was the name of it called Galeed;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.991/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:921`. - ← previous: [Genesis 31:47](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.31.47/) - next →: [Genesis 31:49](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.31.49/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/31/)