--- title: Genesis 31:52 — This heap be witness, and the pillar be witness, that I will not pas… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: This heap be witness, and the pillar be witness, that I will not pass over this heap to thee, and that thou shalt not pass over this heap and this pillar unto me, for harm. Who acts: heap, pillar, I, thou. Genesis 31:52 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.31.52/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/31/) / 31:52 # Genesis 31:52 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** heap, pillar, I, thou · **What happens:** be, not pass · **To what, where:** witness, heap This is Genesis 31:52 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — heap, pillar, I, thou — and what happens in the verse to witness, heap, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. עֵ֚ד הַגַּ֣ל הַזֶּ֔ה וְעֵדָ֖ה הַמַּצֵּבָ֑ה אִם־אָ֗נִי לֹֽא־אֶֽעֱבֹ֤ר אֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ אֶת־הַגַּ֣ל הַזֶּ֔ה וְאִם־אַ֠תָּה לֹא־תַעֲבֹ֨ר אֵלַ֜י אֶת־הַגַּ֥ל הַזֶּ֛ה וְאֶת־הַמַּצֵּבָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את לְרָעָֽה׃ [This heap be witness, and the pillar be witness, that I will not pass over this heap to thee, and that thou shalt not pass over this heap and this pillar unto me, for harm.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.995/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:925 # text = עֵ֚ד הַגַּ֣ל הַזֶּ֔ה וְעֵדָ֖ה הַמַּצֵּבָ֑ה אִם־אָ֗נִי לֹֽא־אֶֽעֱבֹ֤ר אֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ אֶת־הַגַּ֣ל הַזֶּ֔ה וְאִם־אַ֠תָּה לֹא־תַעֲבֹ֨ר אֵלַ֜י אֶת־הַגַּ֥ל הַזֶּ֛ה וְאֶת־הַמַּצֵּבָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את לְרָעָֽה׃ # verse = GEN.31.52 1 עֵ֚ד עֵד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=[is].a.witness|Ref=GEN_31:52!1|MId=o010310520011|Strong=5707 2-3 הַגַּ֣ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 3 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_31:52!2|MId=o010310520021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 3 גַּ֣ל גַּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 nsubj _ Gloss=heap|Ref=GEN_31:52!2|MId=o010310520022|Strong=1530 4-5 הַזֶּ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=GEN_31:52!3|MId=o010310520031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 זֶּ֔ה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 3 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=GEN_31:52!3|MId=o010310520032|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 6-7 וְעֵדָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and.[is]|Ref=GEN_31:52!4|MId=o010310520041|Strong=2050b 7 עֵדָ֖ה עֵדָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 1 conj _ Gloss=a.witness|Ref=GEN_31:52!4|MId=o010310520042|Strong=5713 8-9 הַמַּצֵּבָ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_31:52!5|MId=o010310520051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 מַּצֵּבָ֑ה מַצֵּבָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ Gloss=pillar|Ref=GEN_31:52!5|MId=o010310520052|Strong=4676 10 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 13 mark _ Gloss=if|Ref=GEN_31:52!6|MId=o010310520061|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 11 אָ֗נִי אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=GEN_31:52!7|MId=o010310520071|Strong=0589|Type=personal 12 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 13 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=GEN_31:52!8|MId=o010310520081|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 13 אֶֽעֱבֹ֤ר עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 1 parataxis _ Gloss=I.will.pass.beyond|Ref=GEN_31:52!9|MId=o010310520091|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:010310520071;|Type=yiqtol 14-15 אֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 אֵלֶ֙י אֶל ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_31:52!10|MId=o010310520101|Strong=0413 15 ךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 13 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=GEN_31:52!10|MId=o010310520102|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 16 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=GEN_31:52!11|MId=o010310520111|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 17-18 הַגַּ֣ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_31:52!12|MId=o010310520121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 גַּ֣ל גַּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 obl _ Gloss=heap|Ref=GEN_31:52!12|MId=o010310520122|Strong=1530 19-20 הַזֶּ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=GEN_31:52!13|MId=o010310520131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 זֶּ֔ה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 18 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=GEN_31:52!13|MId=o010310520132|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 21-22 וְאִם־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_31:52!14|MId=o010310520141|Strong=2050b 22 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 25 mark _ Gloss=if|Ref=GEN_31:52!14|MId=o010310520142|Strong=0518 23 אַ֠תָּה אַתָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=GEN_31:52!15|MId=o010310520151|Strong=0859|Type=personal 24 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 25 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=GEN_31:52!16|MId=o010310520161|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 25 תַעֲבֹ֨ר עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 13 conj _ Gloss=you.will.pass.beyond|Ref=GEN_31:52!17|MId=o010310520171|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:010310520151;|Type=yiqtol 26-27 אֵלַ֜י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 אֵל אֶל ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_31:52!18|MId=o010310520181|Strong=0413 27 ַ֜י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 25 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=GEN_31:52!18|MId=o010310520182|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 28 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=GEN_31:52!19|MId=o010310520191|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 29-30 הַגַּ֥ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_31:52!20|MId=o010310520201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 גַּ֥ל גַּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 obl _ Gloss=heap|Ref=GEN_31:52!20|MId=o010310520202|Strong=1530 31-32 הַזֶּ֛ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 32 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=GEN_31:52!21|MId=o010310520211|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 32 זֶּ֛ה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 30 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=GEN_31:52!21|MId=o010310520212|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 33-34 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 36 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_31:52!22|MId=o010310520221|Strong=2050b 34 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=GEN_31:52!22|MId=o010310520222|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 35-36 הַמַּצֵּבָ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 36 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_31:52!23|MId=o010310520231|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 36 מַּצֵּבָ֥ה מַצֵּבָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 30 conj _ Gloss=pillar|Ref=GEN_31:52!23|MId=o010310520232|Strong=4676 37-38 הַזֹּ֖את _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 38 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=GEN_31:52!24|MId=o010310520241|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 38 זֹּ֖את זֹאת DET _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 36 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=GEN_31:52!24|MId=o010310520242|Strong=2063|Type=demonstrative 39-40 לְרָעָֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 40 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=GEN_31:52!25|MId=o010310520251|Strong=3807a 40 רָעָֽה רָעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 25 obl _ Gloss=harm|Ref=GEN_31:52!25|MId=o010310520252|Strong=7451b 41 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 40 punct _ Ref=GEN_31:52!25 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** אֶֽעֱבֹר *I will pass beyond* | yiqtol · qal | אָנִי *I* | | | | | **not** תַעֲבֹר *you will pass beyond* | yiqtol · qal | אַתָּה *you* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} סָהִיד דְּגוֹרָא הָדֵין וְסָהֲדָא קָמָא אִם אֲנָא לָא אֶעְבַּר לְוָתָךְ יָת דְּגוֹרָא הָדֵין וְאִם אַתְּ לָא תֵעִבַּר לְוָתִי יָת דְּגוֹרָא הָדֵין וְיָת קַמְתָא הָדָא לְבִישׁוּ The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [This heap be witness, and the pillar be witness, that I will not pass over this heap to thee, and that thou shalt not pass over this heap and this pillar unto me, for harm.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.995/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:925`. - ← previous: [Genesis 31:51](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.31.51/) - next →: [Genesis 31:53](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.31.53/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/31/)