--- title: Genesis 31:54 — And Jacob offered a sacrifice in the mountain, and called his brethr… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Jacob offered a sacrifice in the mountain, and called his brethren to eat bread; and they did eat bread, and tarried all night in the mountain. Who acts: Jacob, brethren. Genesis 31:54 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.31.54/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/31/) / 31:54 # Genesis 31:54 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** Jacob, brethren · **What happens:** offer, call, eat, tarry · **To what, where:** sacrifice, mountain, brethren, bread · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 31:54 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Jacob, brethren — and what happens in the verse to sacrifice, mountain, brethren, bread, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּזְבַּ֨ח יַעֲקֹ֥ב זֶ֙בַח֙ בָּהָ֔ר וַיִּקְרָ֥א לְאֶחָ֖יו לֶאֱכָל־לָ֑חֶם וַיֹּ֣אכְלוּ לֶ֔חֶם וַיָּלִ֖ינוּ בָּהָֽר׃ [And Jacob offered a sacrifice in the mountain, and called his brethren to eat bread; and they did eat bread, and tarried all night in the mountain.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.997/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:927 # text = וַיִּזְבַּ֨ח יַעֲקֹ֥ב זֶ֙בַח֙ בָּהָ֔ר וַיִּקְרָ֥א לְאֶחָ֖יו לֶאֱכָל־לָ֑חֶם וַיֹּ֣אכְלוּ לֶ֔חֶם וַיָּלִ֖ינוּ בָּהָֽר׃ # verse = GEN.31.54 1-2 וַיִּזְבַּ֨ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_31:54!1|MId=o010310540011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּזְבַּ֨ח זָבַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.sacrificed|Ref=GEN_31:54!1|MId=o010310540012|Strong=2076|Frame=A0:010310540021;A1:010310540031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יַעֲקֹ֥ב יַעֲקֹב PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Jacob|Ref=GEN_31:54!2|MId=o010310540021|Strong=3290 4 זֶ֙בַח֙ זֶבַח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=a.sacrifice|Ref=GEN_31:54!3|MId=o010310540031|Strong=2077 5-7 בָּהָ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=GEN_31:54!4|MId=o010310540041|Strong=0871a 6 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the.hill|Ref=GEN_31:54!4|MId=o010310540041ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 הָ֔ר הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=country|Ref=GEN_31:54!4|MId=o010310540042|Strong=2022 8-9 וַיִּקְרָ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_31:54!5|MId=o010310540051|Strong=2050b 9 יִּקְרָ֥א קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.invited|Ref=GEN_31:54!5|MId=o010310540052|Strong=7121|Frame=A0:010310540021;|Type=wayyiqtol 10-12 לְאֶחָ֖יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=GEN_31:54!6|MId=o010310540061|Strong=3807a 11 אֶחָ֖י אָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 obl _ Gloss=relatives|Ref=GEN_31:54!6|MId=o010310540062|Strong=0251 12 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=GEN_31:54!6|MId=o010310540063|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 13-14 לֶאֱכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 לֶ לְ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_31:54!7|MId=o010310540071|Strong=3807a 14 אֱכָל־ אָכַל VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 9 advcl _ Gloss=eat|Ref=GEN_31:54!7|MId=o010310540072|Strong=0398|Frame=A0:010310540062;010310510021;A1:010310540081;|Type=infinitive_construct 15 לָ֑חֶם לֶחֶם NOUN _ Number=Sing 14 obj _ Gloss=food|Ref=GEN_31:54!8|MId=o010310540081|Strong=3899 16-17 וַיֹּ֣אכְלוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_31:54!9|MId=o010310540091|Strong=2050b 17 יֹּ֣אכְלוּ אָכַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.ate|Ref=GEN_31:54!9|MId=o010310540092|Strong=0398|Frame=A0:010310540062;010310510021;A1:010310540101;|Type=wayyiqtol 18 לֶ֔חֶם לֶחֶם NOUN _ Number=Sing 17 obj _ Gloss=food|Ref=GEN_31:54!10|MId=o010310540101|Strong=3899 19-20 וַיָּלִ֖ינוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_31:54!11|MId=o010310540111|Strong=2050b 20 יָּלִ֖ינוּ לין VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.stayed.the.night|Ref=GEN_31:54!11|MId=o010310540112|Strong=3885a|Frame=A0:010310540062;010310510021;|Type=wayyiqtol 21-23 בָּהָֽר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=GEN_31:54!12|MId=o010310540121|Strong=0871a 22 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=the.hill|Ref=GEN_31:54!12|MId=o010310540121ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 הָֽר הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=country|Ref=GEN_31:54!12|MId=o010310540122|Strong=2022 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=GEN_31:54!12 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּזְבַּח *he sacrificed* | wayyiqtol · qal | יַעֲקֹב *Jacob* | זֶבַח *a sacrifice* | | | | יִּקְרָא *he invited* | wayyiqtol · qal | יַעֲקֹב *Jacob* | | | | | אֱכָל־ *eat* | infinitive construct · qal | אֶחָי *relatives* | לָחֶם *food* | | | | יֹּאכְלוּ *they ate* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֶחָי *relatives* | לֶחֶם *food* | | | | יָּלִינוּ *they stayed the night* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֶחָי *relatives* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וּנְכֵס יַעֲקֹב נִכְסָתָא בְּטּוּרָא וּקְרָא לַאֲחוֹהִי לְמֵיכַל לַחְמָא וַאֲכָלוּ לַחְמָא וּבִיתוּ בְּטוּרָא The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Jacob offered a sacrifice in the mountain, and called his brethren to eat bread; and they did eat bread, and tarried all night in the mountain.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.997/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:927`. - ← previous: [Genesis 31:53](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.31.53/) - next →: [Genesis 32:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.32.1/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/31/)