--- title: Genesis 32:18 — And he commanded the foremost, saying: 'When Esau my brother meeteth… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And he commanded the foremost, saying: 'When Esau my brother meeteth thee, and asketh thee, saying: Whose art thou? and whither goest thou? and whose are these before thee? Who acts: sand, Esau, thou, these. Genesis 32:18 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatic --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.32.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/32/) / 32:18 # Genesis 32:18 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** sand, Esau, thou, these · **What happens:** command, say, meet, ask, be, go · **To what, where:** foremost, thee · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 32:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — sand, Esau, thou, these — and what happens in the verse to foremost, thee, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְצַ֥ו אֶת־הָרִאשׁ֖וֹן לֵאמֹ֑ר כִּ֣י יִֽפְגָּשְׁךָ֞עֵשָׂ֣ו אָחִ֗י וִשְׁאֵֽלְךָ֙לֵאמֹ֔ר לְמִי־אַ֙תָּה֙ וְאָ֣נָה תֵלֵ֔ךְ וּלְמִ֖י אֵ֥לֶּה לְפָנֶֽיךָ׃ [And he commanded the foremost, saying: 'When Esau my brother meeteth thee, and asketh thee, saying: Whose art thou? and whither goest thou? and whose are these before thee?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1017/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:945 # text = וַיְצַ֥ו אֶת־הָרִאשׁ֖וֹן לֵאמֹ֑ר כִּ֣י יִֽפְגָּשְׁךָ֞עֵשָׂ֣ו אָחִ֗י וִשְׁאֵֽלְךָ֙לֵאמֹ֔ר לְמִי־אַ֙תָּה֙ וְאָ֣נָה תֵלֵ֔ךְ וּלְמִ֖י אֵ֥לֶּה לְפָנֶֽיךָ׃ # verse = GEN.32.18 1-2 וַיְצַ֥ו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_32:18!1|MId=o010320180011|Strong=2050b 2 יְצַ֥ו צָוָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.commanded|Ref=GEN_32:18!1|MId=o010320180012|Strong=6680|Frame=A0:010320100021;A1:010320180032;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=GEN_32:18!2|MId=o010320180021|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 4-5 הָרִאשׁ֖וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_32:18!3|MId=o010320180031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 רִאשׁ֖וֹן רִאשׁוֹן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=first|Ref=GEN_32:18!3|MId=o010320180032|Strong=7223|Type=ordinal_number 6-7 לֵאמֹ֑ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 9 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=GEN_32:18!4|MId=o010320180041|Strong=3807a 7 אמֹ֑ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 6 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=GEN_32:18!4|MId=o010320180042|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010320100021;|Type=infinitive_construct 8 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 9 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=GEN_32:18!5|MId=o010320180051|Strong=3588 9-11 יִֽפְגָּשְׁךָ֞עֵשָׂ֣ו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 יִֽפְגָּשׁ פָּגַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 ccomp _ Gloss=he|Ref=GEN_32:18!6|MId=o010320180061|Strong=6298|Frame=A1:010320180062;A0:010320180071;|Type=yiqtol 10 ְךָ֞ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 9 obj _ Gloss=will.meet.you|Ref=GEN_32:18!6|MId=o010320180062|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 11 עֵשָׂ֣ו עֵשָׂו PROPN _ _ 9 nsubj _ Gloss=Esau|Ref=GEN_32:18!7|MId=o010320180071|Strong=6215 12-13 אָחִ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 אָח אָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 appos _ Gloss=brother|Ref=GEN_32:18!8|MId=o010320180081|Strong=0251 13 ִ֗י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=GEN_32:18!8|MId=o010320180082|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 14-18 וִשְׁאֵֽלְךָ֙לֵאמֹ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וִ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_32:18!9|MId=o010320180091|Strong=2050b 15 שְׁאֵֽל שָׁאַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=GEN_32:18!9|MId=o010320180092|Strong=7592|Frame=A0:010320180071;A1:010320180093;|Type=weqatal 16 ְךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 15 obj _ Gloss=will.ask.you|Ref=GEN_32:18!9|MId=o010320180093|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 17 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 20 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=GEN_32:18!10|MId=o010320180101|Strong=3807a 18 אמֹ֔ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 17 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=GEN_32:18!10|MId=o010320180102|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010320180071;|Type=infinitive_construct 19-20 לְמִי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=[belong].to|Ref=GEN_32:18!11|MId=o010320180111|Strong=3807a 20 מִי־ מִי PRON _ PronType=Int 15 ccomp _ Gloss=whom?|Ref=GEN_32:18!11|MId=o010320180112|Strong=4310|Type=interrogative 21 אַ֙תָּה֙ אַתָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=GEN_32:18!12|MId=o010320180121|Strong=0859|Type=personal 22-23 וְאָ֣נָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_32:18!13|MId=o010320180131|Strong=2050b 23 אָ֣נָה אָן PRON _ PronType=Int 24 advmod _ Gloss=where?|Ref=GEN_32:18!13|MId=o010320180132|Strong=0575|Type=interrogative 24 תֵלֵ֔ךְ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 20 conj _ Gloss=are.you.going|Ref=GEN_32:18!14|MId=o010320180141|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:010320180032;|Type=yiqtol 25-27 וּלְמִ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and.[belong]|Ref=GEN_32:18!15|MId=o010320180151|Strong=2050b 26 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_32:18!15|MId=o010320180152|Strong=3807a 27 מִ֖י מִי PRON _ PronType=Int 20 conj _ Gloss=whom?|Ref=GEN_32:18!15|MId=o010320180153|Strong=4310|Type=interrogative 28 אֵ֥לֶּה אֵלֶּה PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 27 nsubj _ Gloss=these.[animals]|Ref=GEN_32:18!16|MId=o010320180161|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 29-31 לְפָנֶֽיךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=GEN_32:18!17|MId=o010320180171|Strong=3807a 30 פָנֶֽי פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 28 nmod _ Gloss=|Ref=GEN_32:18!17|MId=o010320180172|Strong=6440 31 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 30 nmod:poss _ Gloss=you|Ref=GEN_32:18!17|MId=o010320180173|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 32 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 31 punct _ Ref=GEN_32:18!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יְצַו *he commanded* | wayyiqtol · piel | | רִאשׁוֹן *first* | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | | יִֽפְגָּשׁ *he* | yiqtol · qal | עֵשָׂו *Esau* | ְךָ *will meet you* | | | | שְׁאֵֽל *he* | weqatal · qal | עֵשָׂו *Esau* | ְךָ *will ask you* | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | עֵשָׂו *Esau* | | | | | תֵלֵךְ *are you going* | yiqtol · qal | רִאשׁוֹן *first* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וּפַקִד יָת קַדְמָאָה לְמֵימָר אֲרֵי יְעַרְעִנָּךְ עֵשָׂו אָחִי וּשְׁאֵלִנָּךְ לְמֵימָר לְמָן אַתְּ וּלְאָן אַתְּ אָזֵל וּלְמָן אִלֵּין דִּקֳדָמָךְ The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And he commanded the foremost, saying: 'When Esau my brother meeteth thee, and asketh thee, saying: Whose art thou? and whither goest thou? and whose are these before thee?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1017/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:945`. - ← previous: [Genesis 32:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.32.17/) - next →: [Genesis 32:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.32.19/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/32/)