--- title: Genesis 32:23 — (32-23) And he rose up that night, and took his two wives, and his t… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: (32-23) And he rose up that night, and took his two wives, and his two handmaids, and his eleven children, and passed over the ford of the Jabbok. Who acts: Esau. Genesis 32:23 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.32.23/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/32/) / 32:23 # Genesis 32:23 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** Esau · **What happens:** rise up, take, pass · **To what, where:** two wives, ford This is Genesis 32:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Esau — and what happens in the verse to two wives, ford, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיָּ֣קָם ׀ בַּלַּ֣יְלָה ה֗וּא וַיִּקַּ֞ח אֶת־שְׁתֵּ֤י נָשָׁיו֙ וְאֶת־שְׁתֵּ֣י שִׁפְחֹתָ֔יו וְאֶת־אַחַ֥ד עָשָׂ֖ר יְלָדָ֑יו וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֔ר אֵ֖ת מַעֲבַ֥ר יַבֹּֽק׃ [(32-23) And he rose up that night, and took his two wives, and his two handmaids, and his eleven children, and passed over the ford of the Jabbok.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1022/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:950 # text = וַיָּ֣קָם ׀ בַּלַּ֣יְלָה ה֗וּא וַיִּקַּ֞ח אֶת־שְׁתֵּ֤י נָשָׁיו֙ וְאֶת־שְׁתֵּ֣י שִׁפְחֹתָ֔יו וְאֶת־אַחַ֥ד עָשָׂ֖ר יְלָדָ֑יו וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֔ר אֵ֖ת מַעֲבַ֥ר יַבֹּֽק׃ # verse = GEN.32.23 1-2 וַיָּ֣קָם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_32:23!1|MId=o010320230011|Strong=2050b 2 יָּ֣קָם קוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.rose|Ref=GEN_32:23!1|MId=o010320230012|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:010320100021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 2 punct _ Ref=GEN_32:23!1 4-6 בַּלַּ֣יְלָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=GEN_32:23!2|MId=o010320230021|Strong=0871a 5 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_32:23!2|MId=o010320230021ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 לַּ֣יְלָה לַיְלָה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=night|Ref=GEN_32:23!2|MId=o010320230022|Strong=3915 7 ה֗וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ Gloss=that|Ref=GEN_32:23!3|MId=o010320230031|Strong=1931|Type=personal 8-9 וַיִּקַּ֞ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_32:23!4|MId=o010320230041|Strong=2050b 9 יִּקַּ֞ח לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.took|Ref=GEN_32:23!4|MId=o010320230042|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:010320100021;A1:010320230071;010320230101;010320230141;|Type=wayyiqtol 10 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=GEN_32:23!5|MId=o010320230051|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 11 שְׁתֵּ֤י שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 12 nummod _ Gloss=the.two|Ref=GEN_32:23!6|MId=o010320230061|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number 12-13 נָשָׁיו֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 נָשָׁי אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 9 obj _ Gloss=wives|Ref=GEN_32:23!7|MId=o010320230071|Strong=0802 13 ו֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=GEN_32:23!7|MId=o010320230072|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 14-15 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_32:23!8|MId=o010320230081|Strong=2050b 15 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=GEN_32:23!8|MId=o010320230082|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 16 שְׁתֵּ֣י שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 17 nummod _ Gloss=the.two|Ref=GEN_32:23!9|MId=o010320230091|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number 17-18 שִׁפְחֹתָ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 שִׁפְחֹתָ֔י שִׁפְחָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 12 conj _ Gloss=maidservants|Ref=GEN_32:23!10|MId=o010320230101|Strong=8198 18 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=GEN_32:23!10|MId=o010320230102|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 19-20 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_32:23!11|MId=o010320230111|Strong=2050b 20 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=GEN_32:23!11|MId=o010320230112|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 21 אַחַ֥ד אֶחָד NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 nummod _ Gloss=one.plus|Ref=GEN_32:23!12|MId=o010320230121|Strong=0259|Type=cardinal_number 22 עָשָׂ֖ר עָשָׂר NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 flat _ Gloss=ten|Ref=GEN_32:23!13|MId=o010320230131|Strong=6240|Type=cardinal_number 23-24 יְלָדָ֑יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 יְלָדָ֑י יֶלֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 conj _ Gloss=sons|Ref=GEN_32:23!14|MId=o010320230141|Strong=3206 24 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=GEN_32:23!14|MId=o010320230142|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 25-26 וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_32:23!15|MId=o010320230151|Strong=2050b 26 יַּעֲבֹ֔ר עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.passed.over|Ref=GEN_32:23!15|MId=o010320230152|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:010320100021;|Type=wayyiqtol 27 אֵ֖ת אֵת ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=GEN_32:23!16|MId=o010320230161|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 28 מַעֲבַ֥ר מַעֲבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 obl _ Gloss=the.ford|Ref=GEN_32:23!17|MId=o010320230171|Strong=4569 29 יַבֹּֽק יַבֹּק PROPN _ _ 28 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jabbok|Ref=GEN_32:23!18|MId=o010320230181|Strong=2999|SpaceAfter=No 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=GEN_32:23!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָּקָם *he rose* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יִּקַּח *he took* | wayyiqtol · qal | | נָשָׁי *wives* + שִׁפְחֹתָי *maidservants* + יְלָדָי *sons* | | | | יַּעֲבֹר *he passed over* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וְקָם בְּלֵילְיָא הוּא וּדְבַר יָת תַּרְתֵּין נְשׁוֹהִי וְיָת תַּרְתֵּין לְחֵינָתֵהּ וְיָת חַד עֲסַר בְּנוֹהִי וַעֲבַר יָת מַעֲבַר יוּבְקָא The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [(32-23) And he rose up that night, and took his two wives, and his two handmaids, and his eleven children, and passed over the ford of the Jabbok.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1022/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:950`. - ← previous: [Genesis 32:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.32.22/) - next →: [Genesis 32:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.32.24/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/32/)