--- title: Genesis 37:25 — And they sat down to eat bread; and they lifted up their eyes and lo… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And they sat down to eat bread; and they lifted up their eyes and looked, and, behold, a caravan of Ishmaelites came from Gilead, with their camels bearing spicery and balm and ladanum, going to carry it down to Egypt. Who acts: brethren, caravan, camels. Genesis 37:25 in Hebrew with its dependency --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.37.25/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/37/) / 37:25 # Genesis 37:25 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** brethren, caravan, camels · **What happens:** sit down, eat, lift up, look, come, bear · **To what, where:** bread, eyes, Gilead, spicery, caravan, Egypt This is Genesis 37:25 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — brethren, caravan, camels — and what happens in the verse to bread, eyes, Gilead, spicery, caravan, Egypt, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֵּשְׁבוּ֮ לֶֽאֱכָל־לֶחֶם֒ וַיִּשְׂא֤וּ עֵֽינֵיהֶם֙ וַיִּרְא֔וּ וְהִנֵּה֙ אֹרְחַ֣ת יִשְׁמְעֵאלִ֔ים בָּאָ֖ה מִגִּלְעָ֑ד וּגְמַלֵּיהֶ֣ם נֹֽשְׂאִ֗ים נְכֹאת֙ וּצְרִ֣י וָלֹ֔ט הוֹלְכִ֖ים לְהוֹרִ֥יד מִצְרָֽיְמָה׃ [And they sat down to eat bread; and they lifted up their eyes and looked, and, behold, a caravan of Ishmaelites came from Gilead, with their camels bearing spicery and balm and ladanum, going to carry it down to Egypt.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1203/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:1108 # text = וַיֵּשְׁבוּ֮ לֶֽאֱכָל־לֶחֶם֒ וַיִּשְׂא֤וּ עֵֽינֵיהֶם֙ וַיִּרְא֔וּ וְהִנֵּה֙ אֹרְחַ֣ת יִשְׁמְעֵאלִ֔ים בָּאָ֖ה מִגִּלְעָ֑ד וּגְמַלֵּיהֶ֣ם נֹֽשְׂאִ֗ים נְכֹאת֙ וּצְרִ֣י וָלֹ֔ט הוֹלְכִ֖ים לְהוֹרִ֥יד מִצְרָֽיְמָה׃ # verse = GEN.37.25 1-2 וַיֵּשְׁבוּ֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_37:25!1|MId=o010370250011|Strong=2050b 2 יֵּשְׁבוּ֮ יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.sat.down|Ref=GEN_37:25!1|MId=o010370250012|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:010370230061;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 לֶֽאֱכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 לֶֽ לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_37:25!2|MId=o010370250021|Strong=3807a 4 אֱכָל־ אָכַל VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 2 advcl _ Gloss=eat|Ref=GEN_37:25!2|MId=o010370250022|Strong=0398|Frame=A0:010370230061;A1:010370250031;|Type=infinitive_construct 5 לֶחֶם֒ לֶחֶם NOUN _ Number=Sing 4 obj _ Gloss=bread|Ref=GEN_37:25!3|MId=o010370250031|Strong=3899 6-7 וַיִּשְׂא֤וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_37:25!4|MId=o010370250041|Strong=2050b 7 יִּשְׂא֤וּ נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.lifted.up|Ref=GEN_37:25!4|MId=o010370250042|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:010370230061;A1:010370250051;|Type=wayyiqtol 8-9 עֵֽינֵיהֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 עֵֽינֵי עַיִן NOUN _ Number=Dual 7 obj _ Gloss=eyes|Ref=GEN_37:25!5|MId=o010370250051|Strong=5869 9 הֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=GEN_37:25!5|MId=o010370250052|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 10-11 וַיִּרְא֔וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_37:25!6|MId=o010370250061|Strong=2050b 11 יִּרְא֔וּ רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.saw|Ref=GEN_37:25!6|MId=o010370250062|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:010370230061;|Type=wayyiqtol 12-13 וְהִנֵּה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_37:25!7|MId=o010370250071|Strong=2050b 13 הִנֵּה֙ הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 16 discourse _ Gloss=there!|Ref=GEN_37:25!7|MId=o010370250072|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 14 אֹרְחַ֣ת אֹרְחָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ Gloss=a.caravan|Ref=GEN_37:25!8|MId=o010370250081|Strong=0736 15 יִשְׁמְעֵאלִ֔ים יִשְׁמְעֵאלִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Ishmaelites|Ref=GEN_37:25!9|MId=o010370250091|Strong=3459|Type=gentilic 16 בָּאָ֖ה בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=[was].coming|Ref=GEN_37:25!10|MId=o010370250101|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:010370250081;|Type=participle_active 17-18 מִגִּלְעָ֑ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=GEN_37:25!11|MId=o010370250111|Strong=4480 18 גִּלְעָ֑ד גִּלְעָד PROPN _ _ 16 obl _ Gloss=Gilead|Ref=GEN_37:25!11|MId=o010370250112|Strong=1568 19-21 וּגְמַלֵּיהֶ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_37:25!12|MId=o010370250121|Strong=2050b 20 גְמַלֵּי גָּמָל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 22 nsubj _ Gloss=camels|Ref=GEN_37:25!12|MId=o010370250122|Strong=1581 21 הֶ֣ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=GEN_37:25!12|MId=o010370250123|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 22 נֹֽשְׂאִ֗ים נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 16 conj _ Gloss=[were].carrying|Ref=GEN_37:25!13|MId=o010370250131|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:010370250122;A1:010370250141;010370250152;010370250162;|Type=participle_active 23 נְכֹאת֙ נְכֹאת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 22 obj _ Gloss=spice|Ref=GEN_37:25!14|MId=o010370250141|Strong=5219 24-25 וּצְרִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_37:25!15|MId=o010370250151|Strong=2050b 25 צְרִ֣י צֳרִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 conj _ Gloss=balm|Ref=GEN_37:25!15|MId=o010370250152|Strong=6875 26-27 וָלֹ֔ט _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_37:25!16|MId=o010370250161|Strong=2050b 27 לֹ֔ט לֹט NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 conj _ Gloss=myrrh|Ref=GEN_37:25!16|MId=o010370250162|Strong=3910 28 הוֹלְכִ֖ים הָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 16 parataxis _ Gloss=[they.were].traveling|Ref=GEN_37:25!17|MId=o010370250171|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:010370250091;|Type=participle_active 29-30 לְהוֹרִ֥יד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_37:25!18|MId=o010370250181|Strong=3807a 30 הוֹרִ֥יד יָרַד VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 28 advcl _ Gloss=take.[them].down|Ref=GEN_37:25!18|MId=o010370250182|Strong=3381|Frame=A0:010370250091;|Type=infinitive_construct 31-32 מִצְרָֽיְמָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 מִצְרָֽיְמ מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 30 obl _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_37:25!19|MId=o010370250191|Strong=4714 32 ָה ה X _ _ 31 nmod _ Gloss=Egypt|Ref=GEN_37:25!19|MId=o010370250192|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=GEN_37:25!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֵּשְׁבוּ *they sat down* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | אֱכָל־ *eat* | infinitive construct · qal | | לֶחֶם *bread* | | | | יִּשְׂאוּ *they lifted up* | wayyiqtol · qal | | עֵֽינֵי *eyes* | | | | יִּרְאוּ *they saw* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | בָּאָה *\[was\] coming* | participle active · qal | אֹרְחַת *a caravan* | | | | | נֹֽשְׂאִים *\[were\] carrying* | participle active · qal | גְמַלֵּי *camels* | נְכֹאת *spice* + צְרִי *balm* + לֹט *myrrh* | | | | הוֹלְכִים *\[they were\] traveling* | participle active · qal | יִשְׁמְעֵאלִים *of Ishmaelites* | | | | | הוֹרִיד *take \[them\] down* | infinitive construct · hiphil | יִשְׁמְעֵאלִים *of Ishmaelites* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וְאַסְחָרוּ לְמֵיכַל לַחֲמָא וּזְקָפוּ עֵינֵיהוֹן וַחֲזוֹ וְהָא שְׁיָרַת עֲרָבָאֵי אָתְיָא מִגִּלְעָד וְגַמְלֵיהוֹן טְעִינִין שְׁעַף וּקְטַף וּלְטוֹם אָזְלִין לַאֲחָתָא לְמִצְרָיִם The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And they sat down to eat bread; and they lifted up their eyes and looked, and, behold, a caravan of Ishmaelites came from Gilead, with their camels bearing spicery and balm and ladanum, going to carry it down to Egypt.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1203/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:1108`. - ← previous: [Genesis 37:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.37.24/) - next →: [Genesis 37:26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.37.26/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/37/)