--- title: Genesis 37:28 — And there passed by Midianites, merchantmen; and they drew and lifte… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And there passed by Midianites, merchantmen; and they drew and lifted up Joseph out of the pit, and sold Joseph to the Ishmaelites for twenty shekels of silver. And they brought Joseph into Egypt. Who acts: Midianites, brethren. Genesis 37:28 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.37.28/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/37/) / 37:28 # Genesis 37:28 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** Midianites, brethren · **What happens:** pass by, draw, lift up, sell, bring · **To what, where:** Joseph, pit, Ishmaelites, Egypt This is Genesis 37:28 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Midianites, brethren — and what happens in the verse to Joseph, pit, Ishmaelites, Egypt, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּֽעַבְרוּ֩ אֲנָשִׁ֨ים מִדְיָנִ֜ים סֹֽחֲרִ֗ים וַֽיִּמְשְׁכוּ֙ וַיַּֽעֲל֤וּ אֶת־יוֹסֵף֙ מִן־הַבּ֔וֹר וַיִּמְכְּר֧וּ אֶת־יוֹסֵ֛ף לַיִּשְׁמְעֵאלִ֖ים בְּעֶשְׂרִ֣ים כָּ֑סֶף וַיָּבִ֥יאוּ אֶת־יוֹסֵ֖ף מִצְרָֽיְמָה׃ [And there passed by Midianites, merchantmen; and they drew and lifted up Joseph out of the pit, and sold Joseph to the Ishmaelites for twenty shekels of silver.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1206/) [And they brought Joseph into Egypt.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1207/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:1111 # text = וַיַּֽעַבְרוּ֩ אֲנָשִׁ֨ים מִדְיָנִ֜ים סֹֽחֲרִ֗ים וַֽיִּמְשְׁכוּ֙ וַיַּֽעֲל֤וּ אֶת־יוֹסֵף֙ מִן־הַבּ֔וֹר וַיִּמְכְּר֧וּ אֶת־יוֹסֵ֛ף לַיִּשְׁמְעֵאלִ֖ים בְּעֶשְׂרִ֣ים כָּ֑סֶף וַיָּבִ֥יאוּ אֶת־יוֹסֵ֖ף מִצְרָֽיְמָה׃ # verse = GEN.37.28 1-2 וַיַּֽעַבְרוּ֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_37:28!1|MId=o010370280011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּֽעַבְרוּ֩ עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.passed.by|Ref=GEN_37:28!1|MId=o010370280012|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:010370280021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אֲנָשִׁ֨ים אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=men|Ref=GEN_37:28!2|MId=o010370280021|Strong=0376 4 מִדְיָנִ֜ים מִדְיָנִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 appos _ Gloss=Midianite[s]|Ref=GEN_37:28!3|MId=o010370280031|Strong=4084|Type=gentilic 5 סֹֽחֲרִ֗ים סָחַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 3 appos _ Gloss=traders|Ref=GEN_37:28!4|MId=o010370280041|Strong=5503|Frame=A0:010370280021;|Type=participle_active 6-7 וַֽיִּמְשְׁכוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_37:28!5|MId=o010370280051|Strong=2050b 7 יִּמְשְׁכוּ֙ מָשַׁךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.drew|Ref=GEN_37:28!5|MId=o010370280052|Strong=4900|Frame=A0:010370230061;A1:010370280081;|Type=wayyiqtol 8-9 וַיַּֽעֲל֤וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_37:28!6|MId=o010370280061|Strong=2050b 9 יַּֽעֲל֤וּ עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.brought.up|Ref=GEN_37:28!6|MId=o010370280062|Strong=5927|Frame=AA:010370230061;A0:010370280081;|Type=wayyiqtol 10 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=GEN_37:28!7|MId=o010370280071|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 11 יוֹסֵף֙ יוֹסֵף PROPN _ _ 9 obj _ Gloss=Joseph|Ref=GEN_37:28!8|MId=o010370280081|Strong=3130 12 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=GEN_37:28!9|MId=o010370280091|Strong=4480|SpaceAfter=No 13-14 הַבּ֔וֹר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_37:28!10|MId=o010370280101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 בּ֔וֹר בּוֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=pit|Ref=GEN_37:28!10|MId=o010370280102|Strong=0953 15-16 וַיִּמְכְּר֧וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_37:28!11|MId=o010370280111|Strong=2050b 16 יִּמְכְּר֧וּ מָכַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.sold|Ref=GEN_37:28!11|MId=o010370280112|Strong=4376|Frame=A0:010370230061;A1:010370280131;|Type=wayyiqtol 17 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=GEN_37:28!12|MId=o010370280121|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 18 יוֹסֵ֛ף יוֹסֵף PROPN _ _ 16 obj _ Gloss=Joseph|Ref=GEN_37:28!13|MId=o010370280131|Strong=3130 19-21 לַיִּשְׁמְעֵאלִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_37:28!14|MId=o010370280141|Strong=3807a 20 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_37:28!14|MId=o010370280141ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 יִּשְׁמְעֵאלִ֖ים יִשְׁמְעֵאלִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 16 obl _ Gloss=Ishmaelites|Ref=GEN_37:28!14|MId=o010370280142|Strong=3459|Type=gentilic 22-23 בְּעֶשְׂרִ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=GEN_37:28!15|MId=o010370280151|Strong=0871a 23 עֶשְׂרִ֣ים עֶשְׂרִים NUM _ Number=Plur 24 nummod _ Gloss=twenty|Ref=GEN_37:28!15|MId=o010370280152|Strong=6242|Type=cardinal_number 24 כָּ֑סֶף כֶּסֶף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 obl _ Gloss=silver|Ref=GEN_37:28!16|MId=o010370280161|Strong=3701 25-26 וַיָּבִ֥יאוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_37:28!17|MId=o010370280171|Strong=2050b 26 יָּבִ֥יאוּ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.brought|Ref=GEN_37:28!17|MId=o010370280172|Strong=0935|Frame=AA:010370280143;A0:010370280191;|Type=wayyiqtol 27 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=GEN_37:28!18|MId=o010370280181|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 28 יוֹסֵ֖ף יוֹסֵף PROPN _ _ 26 obj _ Gloss=Joseph|Ref=GEN_37:28!19|MId=o010370280191|Strong=3130 29-30 מִצְרָֽיְמָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 מִצְרָֽיְמ מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 26 obl _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_37:28!20|MId=o010370280201|Strong=4714 30 ָה ה X _ _ 29 nmod _ Gloss=Egypt|Ref=GEN_37:28!20|MId=o010370280202|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=GEN_37:28!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּֽעַבְרוּ *they passed by* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | סֹֽחֲרִים *traders* | participle active · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | יִּמְשְׁכוּ *they drew* | wayyiqtol · qal | | יוֹסֵף *Joseph* | | | | יַּֽעֲלוּ *they brought up* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | יוֹסֵף *Joseph* | | | | | יִּמְכְּרוּ *they sold* | wayyiqtol · qal | | יוֹסֵף *Joseph* | | | | יָּבִיאוּ *they brought* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | יוֹסֵף *Joseph* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַעֲבָרוּ גַבְרֵי מִדְיָנָאֵי תַּגָּרֵי וּנְגִידוּ וְאַסִּיקוּ יָת יוֹסֵף מִן גֻּבָּא וְזַבִּינוּ יָת יוֹסֵף לַעֲרָבָאֵי בְּעֶסְרִין כְּסָף וְאַיְתִיוּ יָת יוֹסֵף לְמִצְרָיִם The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And there passed by Midianites, merchantmen; and they drew and lifted up Joseph out of the pit, and sold Joseph to the Ishmaelites for twenty shekels of silver.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1206/) 2. [And they brought Joseph into Egypt.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1207/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:1111`. - ← previous: [Genesis 37:27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.37.27/) - next →: [Genesis 37:29](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.37.29/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/37/)