--- title: Genesis 37:4 — And when his brethren saw that their father loved him more than all… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And when his brethren saw that their father loved him more than all his brethren, they hated him, and could not speak peaceably unto him. Who acts: brethren, father. Genesis 37:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.37.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/37/) / 37:4 # Genesis 37:4 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** brethren, father · **What happens:** see, love, hate, not speak · **To what, where:** Joseph · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 37:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — brethren, father — and what happens in the verse to Joseph, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּרְא֣וּ אֶחָ֗יו כִּֽי־אֹת֞וֹ אָהַ֤ב אֲבִיהֶם֙ מִכָּל־אֶחָ֔יו וַֽיִּשְׂנְא֖וּ אֹת֑וֹ וְלֹ֥א יָכְל֖וּ דַּבְּר֥וֹ לְשָׁלֹֽם׃ [And when his brethren saw that their father loved him more than all his brethren, they hated him, and could not speak peaceably unto him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1179/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:1087 # text = וַיִּרְא֣וּ אֶחָ֗יו כִּֽי־אֹת֞וֹ אָהַ֤ב אֲבִיהֶם֙ מִכָּל־אֶחָ֔יו וַֽיִּשְׂנְא֖וּ אֹת֑וֹ וְלֹ֥א יָכְל֖וּ דַּבְּר֥וֹ לְשָׁלֹֽם׃ # verse = GEN.37.4 1-2 וַיִּרְא֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_37:4!1|MId=o010370040011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּרְא֣וּ רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.saw|Ref=GEN_37:4!1|MId=o010370040012|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:010370040021;A1:010370040051;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 אֶחָ֗יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 אֶחָ֗י אָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=brothers|Ref=GEN_37:4!2|MId=o010370040021|Strong=0251 4 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=GEN_37:4!2|MId=o010370040022|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 5 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 8 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=GEN_37:4!3|MId=o010370040031|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 6-7 אֹת֞וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=|Ref=GEN_37:4!4|MId=o010370040041|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 7 ֞וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 obj _ Gloss=him|Ref=GEN_37:4!4|MId=o010370040042|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 8 אָהַ֤ב אָהֵב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 ccomp _ Gloss=he.loved|Ref=GEN_37:4!5|MId=o010370040051|Strong=0157|Frame=A1:010370040042;A0:010370040061;|Type=qatal 9-10 אֲבִיהֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 אֲבִי אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ Gloss=father|Ref=GEN_37:4!6|MId=o010370040061|Strong=0001 10 הֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=GEN_37:4!6|MId=o010370040062|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 11-12 מִכָּל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=more|Ref=GEN_37:4!7|MId=o010370040071|Strong=4480 12 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=than.all|Ref=GEN_37:4!7|MId=o010370040072|Strong=3605 13-14 אֶחָ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 אֶחָ֔י אָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=brothers|Ref=GEN_37:4!8|MId=o010370040081|Strong=0251 14 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=GEN_37:4!8|MId=o010370040082|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 15-16 וַֽיִּשְׂנְא֖וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_37:4!9|MId=o010370040091|Strong=2050b 16 יִּשְׂנְא֖וּ שָׂנֵא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.hated|Ref=GEN_37:4!9|MId=o010370040092|Strong=8130|Frame=A0:010370040081;A1:010370040102;|Type=wayyiqtol 17-18 אֹת֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=|Ref=GEN_37:4!10|MId=o010370040101|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 18 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 obj _ Gloss=him|Ref=GEN_37:4!10|MId=o010370040102|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 19-20 וְלֹ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_37:4!11|MId=o010370040111|Strong=2050b 20 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 21 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=GEN_37:4!11|MId=o010370040112|Strong=3808|Type=negative 21 יָכְל֖וּ יָכֹל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.were.able|Ref=GEN_37:4!12|MId=o010370040121|Strong=3201|Frame=A0:010370040081;A1:010370040131;|Type=qatal 22-23 דַּבְּר֥וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 דַּבְּר דָבַר VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 21 ccomp _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_37:4!13|MId=o010370040131|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:010370040081;A1:;A2:010370040132;|Type=infinitive_construct 23 ֥וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 obj _ Gloss=speak.to.him|Ref=GEN_37:4!13|MId=o010370040132|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 24-25 לְשָׁלֹֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_37:4!14|MId=o010370040141|Strong=3807a 25 שָׁלֹֽם שָׁלוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=welfare|Ref=GEN_37:4!14|MId=o010370040142|Strong=7965 26 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=GEN_37:4!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּרְאוּ *they saw* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֶחָי *brothers* | אָהַב *he loved* | | | | אָהַב *he loved* | qatal · qal | אֲבִי *father* | וֹ *him* | | | | יִּשְׂנְאוּ *they hated* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֶחָי *brothers* | וֹ *him* | | | | **not** יָכְלוּ *they were able* | qatal · qal | אֶחָי *brothers* | דַּבְּר *to* | | | | דַּבְּר *to* | infinitive construct · piel | אֶחָי *brothers* | | וֹ *speak to him* | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַחֲזוֹ אֲחוֹהִי אֲרֵי יָתֵהּ רְחֵם אֲבוּהוֹן מִכָּל אֲחוֹהִי וּסְנוֹ יָתֵהּ וְלָא צָבָן לְמַלָּלָא עִמֵּהּ לִשְׁלָם The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And when his brethren saw that their father loved him more than all his brethren, they hated him, and could not speak peaceably unto him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1179/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:1087`. - ← previous: [Genesis 37:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.37.3/) - next →: [Genesis 37:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.37.5/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/37/)