--- title: Genesis 38:12 — And in process of time Shua's daughter, the wife of Judah, died; and… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And in process of time Shua's daughter, the wife of Judah, died; and Judah was comforted, and went up unto his sheep-shearers to Timnah, he and his friend Hirah the Adullamite. Who acts: daughter, Judah. Genesis 38:12 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.38.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/38/) / 38:12 # Genesis 38:12 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** daughter, Judah · **What happens:** die, comfort, go up, process · **To what, where:** Judah, Timnah, time This is Genesis 38:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — daughter, Judah — and what happens in the verse to Judah, Timnah, time, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּרְבּוּ֙ הַיָּמִ֔ים וַתָּ֖מָת בַּת־שׁ֣וּעַ אֵֽשֶׁת־יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיִּנָּ֣חֶם יְהוּדָ֗ה וַיַּ֜עַל עַל־גֹּֽזֲזֵ֤י צֹאנוֹ֙ ה֗וּא וְחִירָ֛ה רֵעֵ֥הוּ הָעֲדֻלָּמִ֖י תִּמְנָֽתָה׃ [And in process of time Shua's daughter, the wife of Judah, died; and Judah was comforted, and went up unto his sheep-shearers to Timnah, he and his friend Hirah the Adullamite.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1228/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:1131 # text = וַיִּרְבּוּ֙ הַיָּמִ֔ים וַתָּ֖מָת בַּת־שׁ֣וּעַ אֵֽשֶׁת־יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיִּנָּ֣חֶם יְהוּדָ֗ה וַיַּ֜עַל עַל־גֹּֽזֲזֵ֤י צֹאנוֹ֙ ה֗וּא וְחִירָ֛ה רֵעֵ֥הוּ הָעֲדֻלָּמִ֖י תִּמְנָֽתָה׃ # verse = GEN.38.12 1-2 וַיִּרְבּוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_38:12!1|MId=o010380120011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּרְבּוּ֙ רָבָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.increased|Ref=GEN_38:12!1|MId=o010380120012|Strong=7235|Frame=A0:010380120022;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הַיָּמִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_38:12!2|MId=o010380120021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 יָּמִ֔ים יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=days|Ref=GEN_38:12!2|MId=o010380120022|Strong=3117 5-6 וַתָּ֖מָת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_38:12!3|MId=o010380120031|Strong=2050b 6 תָּ֖מָת מוּת VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=she.died|Ref=GEN_38:12!3|MId=o010380120032|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:010380120041;|Type=wayyiqtol 7 בַּת־ בַּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ Gloss=the.daughter|Ref=GEN_38:12!4|MId=o010380120041|Strong=1323|SpaceAfter=No 8 שׁ֣וּעַ שׁוּעַ PROPN _ _ 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Shua|Ref=GEN_38:12!5|MId=o010380120051|Strong=7770 9 אֵֽשֶׁת־ אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 appos _ Gloss=the.wife|Ref=GEN_38:12!6|MId=o010380120061|Strong=0802|SpaceAfter=No 10 יְהוּדָ֑ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Judah|Ref=GEN_38:12!7|MId=o010380120071|Strong=3063 11-12 וַיִּנָּ֣חֶם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_38:12!8|MId=o010380120081|Strong=2050b 12 יִּנָּ֣חֶם נָחַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.was.comforted|Ref=GEN_38:12!8|MId=o010380120082|Strong=5162|Frame=A0:010380120091;|Type=wayyiqtol 13 יְהוּדָ֗ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 12 nsubj _ Gloss=Judah|Ref=GEN_38:12!9|MId=o010380120091|Strong=3063 14-15 וַיַּ֜עַל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_38:12!10|MId=o010380120101|Strong=2050b 15 יַּ֜עַל עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.went.up|Ref=GEN_38:12!10|MId=o010380120102|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:010380120141;010380120152;|Type=wayyiqtol 16 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_38:12!11|MId=o010380120111|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 17 גֹּֽזֲזֵ֤י גָּזַז VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 15 advcl _ Gloss=the.shearers|Ref=GEN_38:12!12|MId=o010380120121|Strong=1494|Frame=A1:010380120131;|Type=participle_active 18-19 צֹאנוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 צֹאנ צֹאן NOUN _ Number=Sing 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=his.sheep|Ref=GEN_38:12!13|MId=o010380120131|Strong=6629 19 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=GEN_38:12!13|MId=o010380120132|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 20 ה֗וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=GEN_38:12!14|MId=o010380120141|Strong=1931|Type=personal 21-22 וְחִירָ֛ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_38:12!15|MId=o010380120151|Strong=2050b 22 חִירָ֛ה חִירָה PROPN _ _ 20 conj _ Gloss=Hirah|Ref=GEN_38:12!15|MId=o010380120152|Strong=2437 23-24 רֵעֵ֥הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 רֵע רֵעַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 appos _ Gloss=friend|Ref=GEN_38:12!16|MId=o010380120161|Strong=7453 24 ֵ֥הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=GEN_38:12!16|MId=o010380120162|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 25-26 הָעֲדֻלָּמִ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_38:12!17|MId=o010380120171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 עֲדֻלָּמִ֖י עֲדֻלָּמִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 appos _ Gloss=Adullamite|Ref=GEN_38:12!17|MId=o010380120172|Strong=5726|Type=gentilic 27-28 תִּמְנָֽתָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 תִּמְנָֽת תִּמְנָה PROPN _ _ 15 obl _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_38:12!18|MId=o010380120181|Strong=8553 28 ָה ה X _ _ 27 nmod _ Gloss=Timnah|Ref=GEN_38:12!18|MId=o010380120182|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=GEN_38:12!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּרְבּוּ *they increased* | wayyiqtol · qal | יָּמִים *days* | | | | | תָּמָת *she died* | wayyiqtol · qal | בַּת־ *the daughter* | | | | | יִּנָּחֶם *he was comforted* | wayyiqtol · niphal | יְהוּדָה *Judah* | | | | | יַּעַל *he went up* | wayyiqtol · qal | הוּא *he* + חִירָה *Hirah* | | | | | גֹּֽזֲזֵי *the shearers* | participle active · qal | | צֹאנ *his sheep* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וּסְגִיאוּ יוֹמַיָּא וּמִיתַת בַּת שׁוּעַ אִתַּת יְהוּדָה וְאִתְנַחֵם יְהוּדָה וּסְלִיק עַל גּוֹזְזֵי עָנֵהּ הוּא וְחִירָה רַחֲמֵהּ עֲדֻלָּמָאָה לְתִמְנָת The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And in process of time Shua's daughter, the wife of Judah, died; and Judah was comforted, and went up unto his sheep-shearers to Timnah, he and his friend Hirah the Adullamite.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1228/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:1131`. - ← previous: [Genesis 38:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.38.11/) - next →: [Genesis 38:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.38.13/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/38/)