--- title: Genesis 38:18 — And he said: 'What pledge shall I give thee?' And she said: 'Thy sig… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And he said: 'What pledge shall I give thee?' And she said: 'Thy signet and thy cord, and thy staff that is in thy hand.' And he gave them to her, and came in unto her, and she conceived by him. Who acts: Judah, I, Tamar, staff. Genesis 38:18 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.38.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/38/) / 38:18 # Genesis 38:18 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** Judah, I, Tamar, staff · **What happens:** say, give, be, come in, conceive · **To what, where:** pledge, thee, signet, hand, Tamar · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 38:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Judah, I, Tamar, staff — and what happens in the verse to pledge, thee, signet, hand, Tamar, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֗אמֶר מָ֣ה הָֽעֵרָבוֹן֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶתֶּן־לָּךְ֒ וַתֹּ֗אמֶר חֹתָֽמְךָ֙ וּפְתִילֶ֔ךָ וּמַטְּךָ֖ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּיָדֶ֑ךָ וַיִּתֶּן־לָּ֛הּ וַיָּבֹ֥א אֵלֶ֖יהָ וַתַּ֥הַר לֽוֹ׃ [And he said: 'What pledge shall I give thee?' And she said: 'Thy signet and thy cord, and thy staff that is in thy hand.' And he gave them to her, and came in unto her, and she conceived by him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1235/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:1137 # text = וַיֹּ֗אמֶר מָ֣ה הָֽעֵרָבוֹן֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶתֶּן־לָּךְ֒ וַתֹּ֗אמֶר חֹתָֽמְךָ֙ וּפְתִילֶ֔ךָ וּמַטְּךָ֖ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּיָדֶ֑ךָ וַיִּתֶּן־לָּ֛הּ וַיָּבֹ֥א אֵלֶ֖יהָ וַתַּ֥הַר לֽוֹ׃ # verse = GEN.38.18 1-2 וַיֹּ֗אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_38:18!1|MId=o010380180011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֗אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=GEN_38:18!1|MId=o010380180012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010380150021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 מָ֣ה מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 2 ccomp _ Gloss=what?|Ref=GEN_38:18!2|MId=o010380180021|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 4-5 הָֽעֵרָבוֹן֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הָֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=[is].the|Ref=GEN_38:18!3|MId=o010380180031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 עֵרָבוֹן֮ עֵרָבוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ Gloss=pledge|Ref=GEN_38:18!3|MId=o010380180032|Strong=6162 6 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 7 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=GEN_38:18!4|MId=o010380180041|Strong=0834|Type=relative 7 אֶתֶּן־ נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 5 acl:relcl _ Gloss=I.will.give|Ref=GEN_38:18!5|MId=o010380180051|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:010380150021;A1:010380180032;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 8-9 לָּךְ֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 לּ לְ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_38:18!6|MId=o010380180061|Strong=3807a 9 ָךְ֒ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 7 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=GEN_38:18!6|MId=o010380180062|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 10-11 וַתֹּ֗אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_38:18!7|MId=o010380180071|Strong=2050b 11 תֹּ֗אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=she.said|Ref=GEN_38:18!7|MId=o010380180072|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010380130022;|Type=wayyiqtol 12-13 חֹתָֽמְךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 חֹתָֽמ חֹותָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 ccomp _ Gloss=seal|Ref=GEN_38:18!8|MId=o010380180081|Strong=2368 13 ְךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=GEN_38:18!8|MId=o010380180082|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 14-16 וּפְתִילֶ֔ךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_38:18!9|MId=o010380180091|Strong=2050b 15 פְתִיל פָּתִיל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 conj _ Gloss=cord|Ref=GEN_38:18!9|MId=o010380180092|Strong=6616 16 ֶ֔ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=GEN_38:18!9|MId=o010380180093|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 17-19 וּמַטְּךָ֖ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_38:18!10|MId=o010380180101|Strong=2050b 18 מַטּ מַטֶּה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 conj _ Gloss=staff|Ref=GEN_38:18!10|MId=o010380180102|Strong=4294 19 ְךָ֖ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=GEN_38:18!10|MId=o010380180103|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 20 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 22 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=GEN_38:18!11|MId=o010380180111|Strong=0834|Type=relative 21-23 בְּיָדֶ֑ךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=[is].in|Ref=GEN_38:18!12|MId=o010380180121|Strong=0871a 22 יָד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 18 acl:relcl _ Gloss=hand|Ref=GEN_38:18!12|MId=o010380180122|Strong=3027 23 ֶ֑ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=GEN_38:18!12|MId=o010380180123|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 24-25 וַיִּתֶּן־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_38:18!13|MId=o010380180131|Strong=2050b 25 יִּתֶּן־ נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.gave.[them]|Ref=GEN_38:18!13|MId=o010380180132|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:010380150021;A1:010380180081;010380180092;010380180102;|Type=wayyiqtol 26-27 לָּ֛הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 לּ לְ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_38:18!14|MId=o010380180141|Strong=3807a 27 ָ֛הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 obl _ Gloss=her|Ref=GEN_38:18!14|MId=o010380180142|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 28-29 וַיָּבֹ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_38:18!15|MId=o010380180151|Strong=2050b 29 יָּבֹ֥א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.went|Ref=GEN_38:18!15|MId=o010380180152|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:010380150021;|Type=wayyiqtol 30-31 אֵלֶ֖יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 אֵלֶ֖י אֶל ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=GEN_38:18!16|MId=o010380180161|Strong=0413 31 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 obl _ Gloss=her|Ref=GEN_38:18!16|MId=o010380180162|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 32-33 וַתַּ֥הַר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_38:18!17|MId=o010380180171|Strong=2050b 33 תַּ֥הַר הָרָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=she.conceived|Ref=GEN_38:18!17|MId=o010380180172|Strong=2029|Frame=A0:010380130022;|Type=wayyiqtol 34-35 לֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 ל לְ ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_38:18!18|MId=o010380180181|Strong=3807a 35 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=GEN_38:18!18|MId=o010380180182|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 36 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=GEN_38:18!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | אֶתֶּן־ *I will give* | yiqtol · qal | | עֵרָבוֹן *pledge* | | | | תֹּאמֶר *she said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יִּתֶּן־ *he gave \[them\]* | wayyiqtol · qal | | חֹתָֽמ *seal* + פְתִיל *cord* + מַטּ *staff* | | | | יָּבֹא *he went* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | תַּהַר *she conceived* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר מָה מַשְׁכּוֹנָא דִּי אֶתֵּן לָךְ וַאֲמֶרֶת עִזְקְתָךְ וְשׁוֹשִׁפָּךְ וְחוּטְרָךְ דִּי בִידָךְ וִיהַב לַהּ וְעַל לְוָתַהּ וְעַדִּיאַת לֵהּ The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And he said: 'What pledge shall I give thee?' And she said: 'Thy signet and thy cord, and thy staff that is in thy hand.' And he gave them to her, and came in unto her, and she conceived by him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1235/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:1137`. - ← previous: [Genesis 38:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.38.17/) - next →: [Genesis 38:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.38.19/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/38/)