--- title: Genesis 38:20 — And Judah sent the kid of the goats by the hand of his friend the Ad… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Judah sent the kid of the goats by the hand of his friend the Adullamite, to receive the pledge from the woman's hand; but he found her not. Who acts: Judah. Genesis 38:20 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.38.20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/38/) / 38:20 # Genesis 38:20 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** Judah · **What happens:** send, receive, not find · **To what, where:** kid, pledge, hand This is Genesis 38:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Judah — and what happens in the verse to kid, pledge, hand, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח יְהוּדָ֜ה אֶת־גְּדִ֣י הָֽעִזִּ֗ים בְּיַד֙ רֵעֵ֣הוּ הָֽעֲדֻלָּמִ֔י לָקַ֥חַת הָעֵרָב֖וֹן מִיַּ֣ד הָאִשָּׁ֑ה וְלֹ֖א מְצָאָֽהּ׃ [And Judah sent the kid of the goats by the hand of his friend the Adullamite, to receive the pledge from the woman's hand; but he found her not.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1237/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:1139 # text = וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח יְהוּדָ֜ה אֶת־גְּדִ֣י הָֽעִזִּ֗ים בְּיַד֙ רֵעֵ֣הוּ הָֽעֲדֻלָּמִ֔י לָקַ֥חַת הָעֵרָב֖וֹן מִיַּ֣ד הָאִשָּׁ֑ה וְלֹ֖א מְצָאָֽהּ׃ # verse = GEN.38.20 1-2 וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_38:20!1|MId=o010380200011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּשְׁלַ֨ח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.sent|Ref=GEN_38:20!1|MId=o010380200012|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:010380200021;A1:010380200041;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יְהוּדָ֜ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Judah|Ref=GEN_38:20!2|MId=o010380200021|Strong=3063 4 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=GEN_38:20!3|MId=o010380200031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 5 גְּדִ֣י גְּדִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=the.kid|Ref=GEN_38:20!4|MId=o010380200041|Strong=1423 6-7 הָֽעִזִּ֗ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הָֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=GEN_38:20!5|MId=o010380200051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 עִזִּ֗ים עֵז NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.goats|Ref=GEN_38:20!5|MId=o010380200052|Strong=5795 8-9 בְּיַד֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=GEN_38:20!6|MId=o010380200061|Strong=0871a 9 יַד֙ יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=the.hand|Ref=GEN_38:20!6|MId=o010380200062|Strong=3027 10-11 רֵעֵ֣הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 רֵע רֵעַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=his.friend|Ref=GEN_38:20!7|MId=o010380200071|Strong=7453 11 ֵ֣הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=GEN_38:20!7|MId=o010380200072|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 12-13 הָֽעֲדֻלָּמִ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הָֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_38:20!8|MId=o010380200081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 עֲדֻלָּמִ֔י עֲדֻלָּמִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 appos _ Gloss=Adullamite|Ref=GEN_38:20!8|MId=o010380200082|Strong=5726|Type=gentilic 14-15 לָקַ֥חַת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_38:20!9|MId=o010380200091|Strong=3807a 15 קַ֥חַת לָקַח VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 2 advcl _ Gloss=take|Ref=GEN_38:20!9|MId=o010380200092|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:010380200021;A1:010380200102;|Type=infinitive_construct 16-17 הָעֵרָב֖וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_38:20!10|MId=o010380200101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 עֵרָב֖וֹן עֵרָבוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 obj _ Gloss=pledge|Ref=GEN_38:20!10|MId=o010380200102|Strong=6162 18-19 מִיַּ֣ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=GEN_38:20!11|MId=o010380200111|Strong=4480 19 יַּ֣ד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 15 obl _ Gloss=the.hand|Ref=GEN_38:20!11|MId=o010380200112|Strong=3027 20-21 הָאִשָּׁ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=GEN_38:20!12|MId=o010380200121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 אִשָּׁ֑ה אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.woman|Ref=GEN_38:20!12|MId=o010380200122|Strong=0802 22-23 וְלֹ֖א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_38:20!13|MId=o010380200131|Strong=2050b 23 לֹ֖א לֹא ADV _ _ 24 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=GEN_38:20!13|MId=o010380200132|Strong=3808|Type=negative 24-25 מְצָאָֽהּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 מְצָא מָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=GEN_38:20!14|MId=o010380200141|Strong=4672|Frame=A0:010380200071;A1:010380200142;|Type=qatal 25 ָֽהּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 obj _ Gloss=found.her|Ref=GEN_38:20!14|MId=o010380200142|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 26 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=GEN_38:20!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּשְׁלַח *he sent* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוּדָה *Judah* | גְּדִי *the kid* | | | | קַחַת *take* | infinitive construct · qal | יְהוּדָה *Judah* | עֵרָבוֹן *pledge* | | | | **not** מְצָא *he* | qatal · qal | רֵע *his friend* | ָֽהּ *found her* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וְשַׁדַּר יְהוּדָה יָת גַּדְיָא בַר עִזֵּי בִּידָא דְרַחֲמֵהּ עֲדֻלָּמָאָה לְמִסַּב מַשְׁכּוֹנָא מִידָא דְאִתְּתָא וְלָא אַשְׁכְּחַהּ The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Judah sent the kid of the goats by the hand of his friend the Adullamite, to receive the pledge from the woman's hand; but he found her not.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1237/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:1139`. - ← previous: [Genesis 38:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.38.19/) - next →: [Genesis 38:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.38.21/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/38/)