--- title: Genesis 38:22 — And he returned to Judah, and said: 'I have not found her; and also… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And he returned to Judah, and said: 'I have not found her; and also the men of the place said: There hath been no harlot here.' Who acts: Judah, I, men. Genesis 38:22 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.38.22/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/38/) / 38:22 # Genesis 38:22 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** Judah, I, men · **What happens:** return, say, not find · **To what, where:** Judah, harlot · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 38:22 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Judah, I, men — and what happens in the verse to Judah, harlot, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיָּ֙שָׁב֙ אֶל־יְהוּדָ֔ה וַיֹּ֖אמֶר לֹ֣א מְצָאתִ֑יהָ וְגַ֨ם אַנְשֵׁ֤י הַמָּקוֹם֙ אָֽמְר֔וּ לֹא־הָיְתָ֥ה בָזֶ֖ה קְדֵשָֽׁה׃ [And he returned to Judah, and said: 'I have not found her; and also the men of the place said: There hath been no harlot here.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1239/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:1141 # text = וַיָּ֙שָׁב֙ אֶל־יְהוּדָ֔ה וַיֹּ֖אמֶר לֹ֣א מְצָאתִ֑יהָ וְגַ֨ם אַנְשֵׁ֤י הַמָּקוֹם֙ אָֽמְר֔וּ לֹא־הָיְתָ֥ה בָזֶ֖ה קְדֵשָֽׁה׃ # verse = GEN.38.22 1-2 וַיָּ֙שָׁב֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_38:22!1|MId=o010380220011|Strong=2050b 2 יָּ֙שָׁב֙ שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.returned|Ref=GEN_38:22!1|MId=o010380220012|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:010380200071;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_38:22!2|MId=o010380220021|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 4 יְהוּדָ֔ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Judah|Ref=GEN_38:22!3|MId=o010380220031|Strong=3063 5-6 וַיֹּ֖אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_38:22!4|MId=o010380220041|Strong=2050b 6 יֹּ֖אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=GEN_38:22!4|MId=o010380220042|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010380200071;|Type=wayyiqtol 7 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 8 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=GEN_38:22!5|MId=o010380220051|Strong=3808|Type=negative 8-9 מְצָאתִ֑יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 מְצָאתִ֑י מָצָא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 6 ccomp _ Gloss=I|Ref=GEN_38:22!6|MId=o010380220061|Strong=4672|Frame=A0:010380200071;A1:010380220062;|Type=qatal 9 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 obj _ Gloss=found.her|Ref=GEN_38:22!6|MId=o010380220062|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 10-11 וְגַ֨ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_38:22!7|MId=o010380220071|Strong=2050b 11 גַ֨ם גַּם ADV _ _ 15 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=GEN_38:22!7|MId=o010380220072|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation 12 אַנְשֵׁ֤י אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 nsubj _ Gloss=the.men|Ref=GEN_38:22!8|MId=o010380220081|Strong=0376 13-14 הַמָּקוֹם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=GEN_38:22!9|MId=o010380220091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 מָּקוֹם֙ מָקוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.place|Ref=GEN_38:22!9|MId=o010380220092|Strong=4725 15 אָֽמְר֔וּ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 8 conj _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=GEN_38:22!10|MId=o010380220101|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010380220081;|Type=qatal 16 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 19 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=GEN_38:22!11|MId=o010380220111|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 17 הָיְתָ֥ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 19 cop _ Gloss=she.was|Ref=GEN_38:22!12|MId=o010380220121|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:010380220141;|Type=qatal 18-19 בָזֶ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 בָ בְּ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=GEN_38:22!13|MId=o010380220131|Strong=0871a 19 זֶ֖ה זֶה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 15 ccomp _ Gloss=this.[place]|Ref=GEN_38:22!13|MId=o010380220132|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 20 קְדֵשָֽׁה קָדֵשׁ ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ Gloss=a.cult.prostitute|Ref=GEN_38:22!14|MId=o010380220141|Strong=6945|Type=adjective|SpaceAfter=No 21 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 20 punct _ Ref=GEN_38:22!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָּשָׁב *he returned* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | **not** מְצָאתִי *I* | qatal · qal | | הָ *found her* | | | | אָֽמְרוּ *they said* | qatal · qal | אַנְשֵׁי *the men* | | | | | הָיְתָה *she was* | qatal · qal | קְדֵשָֽׁה *a cult prostitute* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וְתָב לְוַת יְהוּדָה וַאֲמַר לָא אַשְׁכְּחִיתַהּ וְאַף אֲנָשֵׁי אַתְרָא אֲמָרוּ לֵית הָכָא מְקַדִּשְׁתָּא The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And he returned to Judah, and said: 'I have not found her; and also the men of the place said: There hath been no harlot here.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1239/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:1141`. - ← previous: [Genesis 38:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.38.21/) - next →: [Genesis 38:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.38.23/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/38/)