--- title: Genesis 38:24 — And it came to pass about three months after, that it was told Judah… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass about three months after, that it was told Judah, saying: 'Tamar thy daughter-in-law hath played the harlot; and moreover, behold, she is with child by harlotry.' And Judah said: 'Bring her forth, and let her be burnt.' Who acts: Tamar, harlot, Judah. Genesis 38:24 in Hebrew with --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.38.24/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/38/) / 38:24 # Genesis 38:24 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** Tamar, harlot, Judah · **What happens:** come, pass, tell, say, play, be · **To what, where:** place, Judah, harlot · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 38:24 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Tamar, harlot, Judah — and what happens in the verse to place, Judah, harlot, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְהִ֣י ׀ כְּמִִשְׁלֹ֣שׁחֳדָשִׁ֗ים וַיֻּגַּ֨ד לִֽיהוּדָ֤ה לֵֽאמֹר֙ זָֽנְתָה֙ תָּמָ֣ר כַּלָּתֶ֔ךָ וְגַ֛ם הִנֵּ֥ה הָרָ֖ה לִזְנוּנִ֑ים וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוּדָ֔ה הוֹצִיא֖וּהָ וְתִשָּׂרֵֽף׃ [And it came to pass about three months after, that it was told Judah, saying: 'Tamar thy daughter-in-law hath played the harlot; and moreover, behold, she is with child by harlotry.' And Judah said: 'Bring her forth, and let her be burnt.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1241/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:1143 # text = וַיְהִ֣י ׀ כְּמִִשְׁלֹ֣שׁחֳדָשִׁ֗ים וַיֻּגַּ֨ד לִֽיהוּדָ֤ה לֵֽאמֹר֙ זָֽנְתָה֙ תָּמָ֣ר כַּלָּתֶ֔ךָ וְגַ֛ם הִנֵּ֥ה הָרָ֖ה לִזְנוּנִ֑ים וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוּדָ֔ה הוֹצִיא֖וּהָ וְתִשָּׂרֵֽף׃ # verse = GEN.38.24 1-2 וַיְהִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_38:24!1|MId=o010380240011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהִ֣י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=GEN_38:24!1|MId=o010380240012|Strong=1961|Type=wayyiqtol 3 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 2 punct _ Ref=GEN_38:24!1 4-7 כְּמִִשְׁלֹ֣שׁחֳדָשִׁ֗ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=about|Ref=GEN_38:24!2|MId=o010380240021|Strong=3509a 5 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=|Ref=GEN_38:24!2|MId=o010380240022|Strong=7969a 6 ִשְׁלֹ֣שׁ שָׁלֹשׁ NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 nummod _ Gloss=three|Ref=GEN_38:24!2|MId=o010380240023|Strong=7969a|Type=cardinal_number 7 חֳדָשִׁ֗ים חֹדֶשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=months|Ref=GEN_38:24!3|MId=o010380240031|Strong=2320 8-9 וַיֻּגַּ֨ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_38:24!4|MId=o010380240041|Strong=2050b 9 יֻּגַּ֨ד נָגַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HOPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.was.told|Ref=GEN_38:24!4|MId=o010380240042|Strong=5046|Type=wayyiqtol 10-11 לִֽיהוּדָ֤ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 לִֽ לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_38:24!5|MId=o010380240051|Strong=3807a 11 יהוּדָ֤ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 9 obl _ Gloss=Judah|Ref=GEN_38:24!5|MId=o010380240052|Strong=3063 12-13 לֵֽאמֹר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 לֵֽ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 14 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=GEN_38:24!6|MId=o010380240061|Strong=3807a 13 אמֹר֙ אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 12 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=GEN_38:24!6|MId=o010380240062|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:;|Type=infinitive_construct 14 זָֽנְתָה֙ זָנָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 9 advcl _ Gloss=she.has.acted.as.a.prostitute|Ref=GEN_38:24!7|MId=o010380240071|Strong=2181|Frame=A0:010380240081;|Type=qatal 15 תָּמָ֣ר תָּמָר PROPN _ _ 14 nsubj _ Gloss=Tamar|Ref=GEN_38:24!8|MId=o010380240081|Strong=8559 16-17 כַּלָּתֶ֔ךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 כַּלָּת כַּלָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 15 appos _ Gloss=daughter-in-law|Ref=GEN_38:24!9|MId=o010380240091|Strong=3618 17 ֶ֔ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=GEN_38:24!9|MId=o010380240092|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 18-19 וְגַ֛ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_38:24!10|MId=o010380240101|Strong=2050b 19 גַ֛ם גַּם ADV _ _ 20 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=GEN_38:24!10|MId=o010380240102|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation 20 הִנֵּ֥ה הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 14 conj _ Gloss=here!|Ref=GEN_38:24!11|MId=o010380240111|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 21 הָרָ֖ה הָרָה ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 14 parataxis _ Gloss=[she.is].pregnant|Ref=GEN_38:24!12|MId=o010380240121|Strong=2030|Type=adjective 22-23 לִזְנוּנִ֑ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_38:24!13|MId=o010380240131|Strong=3807a 23 זְנוּנִ֑ים זְנוּנִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 21 obl _ Gloss=prostitution(s)|Ref=GEN_38:24!13|MId=o010380240132|Strong=2183 24-25 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_38:24!14|MId=o010380240141|Strong=2050b 25 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=GEN_38:24!14|MId=o010380240142|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010380240151;|Type=wayyiqtol 26 יְהוּדָ֔ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 25 nsubj _ Gloss=Judah|Ref=GEN_38:24!15|MId=o010380240151|Strong=3063 27-28 הוֹצִיא֖וּהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 הוֹצִיא֖וּ יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=2 25 ccomp _ Gloss=bring|Ref=GEN_38:24!16|MId=o010380240161|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:;A1:010380240162;|Type=imperative 28 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 obj _ Gloss=her.out|Ref=GEN_38:24!16|MId=o010380240162|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 29-30 וְתִשָּׂרֵֽף _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=so|Ref=GEN_38:24!17|MId=o010380240171|Strong=2050b 30 תִשָּׂרֵֽף שָׂרַף VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 27 conj _ Gloss=that.she.may.be.burned|Ref=GEN_38:24!17|MId=o010380240172|Strong=8313|Frame=A1:010380240081;|Type=yiqtol 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=GEN_38:24!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | | זָֽנְתָה *she has acted as a prostitute* | qatal · qal | תָּמָר *Tamar* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוּדָה *Judah* | | | | | הוֹצִיאוּ *bring* | imperative · hiphil | | הָ *her out* | | | | תִשָּׂרֵֽף *that she may be burned* | yiqtol · niphal | | תָּמָר *Tamar* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַהֲוָה כִּתְלָתוּת יַרְחַיָּא וְאִתְחַוָּא לִיהוּדָה לְמֵימַר זַנִּיאַת תָּמָר כַּלְּתָךְ וְאַף הָא מַעַדְּיָא לִזְנוּתָא וַאֲמַר יְהוּדָה אַפְּקוּהַ וְתִתּוֹקָד The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it came to pass about three months after, that it was told Judah, saying: 'Tamar thy daughter-in-law hath played the harlot; and moreover, behold, she is with child by harlotry.' And Judah said: 'Bring her forth, and let her be burnt.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1241/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:1143`. - ← previous: [Genesis 38:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.38.23/) - next →: [Genesis 38:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.38.25/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/38/)