--- title: Genesis 38:25 — When she was brought forth, she sent to her father-in-law, saying: '… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: When she was brought forth, she sent to her father-in-law, saying: 'By the man, whose these are, am I with child'; and she said: 'Discern, I pray thee, whose are these, the signet, and the cords, and the staff.' Who acts: harlot, these, I. Genesis 38:25 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onk --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.38.25/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/38/) / 38:25 # Genesis 38:25 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** harlot, these, I · **What happens:** bring, send, say, be, discern, pray · **To what, where:** harlot, father, child, thee · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 38:25 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — harlot, these, I — and what happens in the verse to harlot, father, child, thee, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הִ֣וא מוּצֵ֗את וְהִ֨יא שָׁלְחָ֤ה אֶל־חָמִ֙יהָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לְאִישׁ֙ אֲשֶׁר־אֵ֣לֶּה לּ֔וֹ אָנֹכִ֖י הָרָ֑ה וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הַכֶּר־נָ֔א לְמִ֞י הַחֹתֶ֧מֶת וְהַפְּתִילִ֛ים וְהַמַּטֶּ֖ה הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ [When she was brought forth, she sent to her father-in-law, saying: 'By the man, whose these are, am I with child'; and she said: 'Discern, I pray thee, whose are these, the signet, and the cords, and the staff.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1242/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:1144 # text = הִ֣וא מוּצֵ֗את וְהִ֨יא שָׁלְחָ֤ה אֶל־חָמִ֙יהָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לְאִישׁ֙ אֲשֶׁר־אֵ֣לֶּה לּ֔וֹ אָנֹכִ֖י הָרָ֑ה וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הַכֶּר־נָ֔א לְמִ֞י הַחֹתֶ֧מֶת וְהַפְּתִילִ֛ים וְהַמַּטֶּ֖ה הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ # verse = GEN.38.25 1 הִ֣וא הִיא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ Gloss=she|Ref=GEN_38:25!1|MId=o010380250011|Strong=1931a|Type=personal 2 מוּצֵ֗את יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=HOPHAL|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=[was.being].brought.out|Ref=GEN_38:25!2|MId=o010380250021|Strong=3318|Frame=A1:010380250011;|Type=participle_passive 3-4 וְהִ֨יא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_38:25!3|MId=o010380250031|Strong=2050b 4 הִ֨יא הִיא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nsubj _ Gloss=she|Ref=GEN_38:25!3|MId=o010380250032|Strong=1931a|Type=personal 5 שָׁלְחָ֤ה שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=she.sent|Ref=GEN_38:25!4|MId=o010380250041|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:010380250032;|Type=qatal 6 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_38:25!5|MId=o010380250051|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 7-8 חָמִ֙יהָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 חָמִ֙י חָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 obl _ Gloss=father-in-law|Ref=GEN_38:25!6|MId=o010380250061|Strong=2524 8 הָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ Gloss=her|Ref=GEN_38:25!6|MId=o010380250062|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 9-10 לֵאמֹ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 18 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=GEN_38:25!7|MId=o010380250071|Strong=3807a 10 אמֹ֔ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 9 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=GEN_38:25!7|MId=o010380250072|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010380200122;|Type=infinitive_construct 11-12 לְאִישׁ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_38:25!8|MId=o010380250081|Strong=3807a 12 אִישׁ֙ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=a.man|Ref=GEN_38:25!8|MId=o010380250082|Strong=0376 13 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 16 mark _ Gloss=whom|Ref=GEN_38:25!9|MId=o010380250091|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 14 אֵ֣לֶּה אֵלֶּה PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 16 nsubj _ Gloss=these|Ref=GEN_38:25!10|MId=o010380250101|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 15-16 לּ֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 לּ לְ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=[belong].to|Ref=GEN_38:25!11|MId=o010380250111|Strong=3807a 16 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 acl:relcl _ Gloss=him|Ref=GEN_38:25!11|MId=o010380250112|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 17 אָנֹכִ֖י אָנֹכִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=GEN_38:25!12|MId=o010380250121|Strong=0595|Type=personal 18 הָרָ֑ה הָרָה ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 advcl _ Gloss=[am].pregnant|Ref=GEN_38:25!13|MId=o010380250131|Strong=2030|Type=adjective 19-20 וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_38:25!14|MId=o010380250141|Strong=2050b 20 תֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=she.said|Ref=GEN_38:25!14|MId=o010380250142|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010380200122;|Type=wayyiqtol 21 הַכֶּר־ נָכַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 20 ccomp _ Gloss=investigate|Ref=GEN_38:25!15|MId=o010380250151|Strong=5234|Frame=AA:010380250061;A0:010380250182;010380250193;010380250203;|Type=imperative|SpaceAfter=No 22 נָ֔א נָא INTJ _ _ 21 discourse _ Gloss=please|Ref=GEN_38:25!16|MId=o010380250161|Strong=4994|Type=exhortation 23-24 לְמִ֞י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=[belong].to|Ref=GEN_38:25!17|MId=o010380250171|Strong=3807a 24 מִ֞י מִי PRON _ PronType=Int 21 parataxis _ Gloss=whom?|Ref=GEN_38:25!17|MId=o010380250172|Strong=4310|Type=interrogative 25-26 הַחֹתֶ֧מֶת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_38:25!18|MId=o010380250181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 חֹתֶ֧מֶת חֹתֶמֶת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ Gloss=seal|Ref=GEN_38:25!18|MId=o010380250182|Strong=2858 27-29 וְהַפְּתִילִ֛ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_38:25!19|MId=o010380250191|Strong=2050b 28 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_38:25!19|MId=o010380250192|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 פְּתִילִ֛ים פָּתִיל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 26 conj _ Gloss=cords|Ref=GEN_38:25!19|MId=o010380250193|Strong=6616 30-32 וְהַמַּטֶּ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_38:25!20|MId=o010380250201|Strong=2050b 31 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 32 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_38:25!20|MId=o010380250202|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 32 מַּטֶּ֖ה מַטֶּה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 conj _ Gloss=staff|Ref=GEN_38:25!20|MId=o010380250203|Strong=4294 33-34 הָאֵֽלֶּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 34 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=GEN_38:25!21|MId=o010380250211|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 34 אֵֽלֶּה אֵלֶּה DET _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 26 det _ Gloss=these|Ref=GEN_38:25!21|MId=o010380250212|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 35 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 34 punct _ Ref=GEN_38:25!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | מוּצֵאת *\[was being\] brought out* | participle passive · hophal | | הִוא *she* | | | | שָׁלְחָה *she sent* | qatal · qal | הִיא *she* | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | | תֹּאמֶר *she said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | הַכֶּר־ *investigate* | imperative · hiphil | חֹתֶמֶת *seal* + פְּתִילִים *cords* + מַּטֶּה *staff* | | | חָמִי *father-in-law* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} הִיא מִתַּפְּקָא וְהִיא שְׁלָחַת לַחֲמוּהָא לְמֵימַר לִגְבַר דִּי אִלֵּין דִּילֵהּ מִנֵּהּ אֲנָא מְעַדְּיָא וַאֲמֶרֶת אִשְׁתְּמוֹדַע כְּעַן לְמָן עִזְקְתָא וְשׁוֹשִׁפָּא וְחוּטְרָא הָאִלֵּין The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [When she was brought forth, she sent to her father-in-law, saying: 'By the man, whose these are, am I with child'; and she said: 'Discern, I pray thee, whose are these, the signet, and the cords, and the staff.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1242/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:1144`. - ← previous: [Genesis 38:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.38.24/) - next →: [Genesis 38:26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.38.26/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/38/)