--- title: Genesis 38:28 — And it came to pass, when she travailed, that one put out a hand; an… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass, when she travailed, that one put out a hand; and the midwife took and bound upon his hand a scarlet thread, saying: 'This came out first.' Who acts: child, harlot, one, midwife. Genesis 38:28 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of ever --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.38.28/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/38/) / 38:28 # Genesis 38:28 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** child, harlot, one, midwife, This · **What happens:** come, pass, travail, put out, take, bind · **To what, where:** hand, scarlet thread · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 38:28 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — child, harlot, one, midwife, This — and what happens in the verse to hand, scarlet thread, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְהִ֥י בְלִדְתָּ֖הּ וַיִּתֶּן־יָ֑ד וַתִּקַּ֣ח הַמְיַלֶּ֗דֶת וַתִּקְשֹׁ֨ר עַל־יָד֤וֹ שָׁנִי֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר זֶ֖ה יָצָ֥א רִאשֹׁנָֽה׃ [And it came to pass, when she travailed, that one put out a hand; and the midwife took and bound upon his hand a scarlet thread, saying: 'This came out first.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1245/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:1147 # text = וַיְהִ֥י בְלִדְתָּ֖הּ וַיִּתֶּן־יָ֑ד וַתִּקַּ֣ח הַמְיַלֶּ֗דֶת וַתִּקְשֹׁ֨ר עַל־יָד֤וֹ שָׁנִי֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר זֶ֖ה יָצָ֥א רִאשֹׁנָֽה׃ # verse = GEN.38.28 1-2 וַיְהִ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_38:28!1|MId=o010380280011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהִ֥י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=GEN_38:28!1|MId=o010380280012|Strong=1961|Type=wayyiqtol 3-5 בְלִדְתָּ֖הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=when|Ref=GEN_38:28!2|MId=o010380280021|Strong=0871a 4 לִדְתּ יָלַד VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 2 advcl _ Gloss=she|Ref=GEN_38:28!2|MId=o010380280022|Strong=3205|Frame=A0:010380280023;|Type=infinitive_construct 5 ָ֖הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ Gloss=gave.birth|Ref=GEN_38:28!2|MId=o010380280023|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 6-7 וַיִּתֶּן־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_38:28!3|MId=o010380280031|Strong=2050b 7 יִּתֶּן־ נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.put.out|Ref=GEN_38:28!3|MId=o010380280032|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:010380300031;A1:010380280041;|Type=wayyiqtol 8 יָ֑ד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 7 obj _ Gloss=a.hand|Ref=GEN_38:28!4|MId=o010380280041|Strong=3027 9-10 וַתִּקַּ֣ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_38:28!5|MId=o010380280051|Strong=2050b 10 תִּקַּ֣ח לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=she.took|Ref=GEN_38:28!5|MId=o010380280052|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:010380280062;A1:010380280041;|Type=wayyiqtol 11-12 הַמְיַלֶּ֗דֶת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_38:28!6|MId=o010380280061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 מְיַלֶּ֗דֶת יָלַד VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ Gloss=midwife|Ref=GEN_38:28!6|MId=o010380280062|Strong=3205|Type=participle_active 13-14 וַתִּקְשֹׁ֨ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_38:28!7|MId=o010380280071|Strong=2050b 14 תִּקְשֹׁ֨ר קָשַׁר VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=she.tied|Ref=GEN_38:28!7|MId=o010380280072|Strong=7194|Frame=A0:010380280062;A1:010380280101;|Type=wayyiqtol 15 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=GEN_38:28!8|MId=o010380280081|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 16-17 יָד֤וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 יָד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=hand|Ref=GEN_38:28!9|MId=o010380280091|Strong=3027 17 ֤וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=GEN_38:28!9|MId=o010380280092|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 18 שָׁנִי֙ שָׁנִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obj _ Gloss=a.scarlet.thread|Ref=GEN_38:28!10|MId=o010380280101|Strong=8144 19-20 לֵאמֹ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 22 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=GEN_38:28!11|MId=o010380280111|Strong=3807a 20 אמֹ֔ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 19 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=GEN_38:28!11|MId=o010380280112|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010380280062;|Type=infinitive_construct 21 זֶ֖ה זֶה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 22 nsubj _ Gloss=this.one|Ref=GEN_38:28!12|MId=o010380280121|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 22 יָצָ֥א יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 14 advcl _ Gloss=he.came.out|Ref=GEN_38:28!13|MId=o010380280131|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:010380280121;|Type=qatal 23 רִאשֹׁנָֽה רִאשׁוֹן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 advmod _ Gloss=first|Ref=GEN_38:28!14|MId=o010380280141|Strong=7223|Type=ordinal_number|SpaceAfter=No 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=GEN_38:28!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | לִדְתּ *she* | infinitive construct · qal | ָהּ *gave birth* | | | | | יִּתֶּן־ *he put out* | wayyiqtol · qal | | יָד *a hand* | | | | תִּקַּח *she took* | wayyiqtol · qal | מְיַלֶּדֶת *midwife* | יָד *a hand* | | | | תִּקְשֹׁר *she tied* | wayyiqtol · qal | מְיַלֶּדֶת *midwife* | שָׁנִי *a scarlet thread* | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | מְיַלֶּדֶת *midwife* | | | | | יָצָא *he came out* | qatal · qal | זֶה *this one* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַהֲוָה בְּמֵילְדַהּ וִיהַב יְדָא וּנְסִיבַת חַיְתָא וּקְטָרַת עַל יְדֵהּ זְהוֹרִיתָא לְמֵימַר דֵּין נְפַק קַדְמָאָה The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it came to pass, when she travailed, that one put out a hand; and the midwife took and bound upon his hand a scarlet thread, saying: 'This came out first.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1245/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:1147`. - ← previous: [Genesis 38:27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.38.27/) - next →: [Genesis 38:29](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.38.29/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/38/)