--- title: Genesis 4:15 — And the LORD said unto him: 'Therefore whosoever slayeth Cain, venge… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the LORD said unto him: 'Therefore whosoever slayeth Cain, vengeance shall be taken on him sevenfold.' And the LORD set a sign for Cain, lest any finding him should smite him. Who acts: LORD, whosoever, any. Genesis 4:15 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragma --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.4.15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/4/) / 4:15 # Genesis 4:15 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** LORD, whosoever, any · **What happens:** say, slay, take, set, find, smite · **To what, where:** Cain, vengeance, sign · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 4:15 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, whosoever, any — and what happens in the verse to Cain, vengeance, sign, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֧אמֶר ל֣וֹ יְהוָ֗ה לָכֵן֙ כָּל־הֹרֵ֣ג קַ֔יִן שִׁבְעָתַ֖יִם יֻקָּ֑ם וַיָּ֨שֶׂם יְהוָ֤ה לְקַ֙יִן֙ א֔וֹת לְבִלְתִּ֥י הַכּוֹת־אֹת֖וֹ כָּל־מֹצְאֽוֹ׃ [And the LORD said unto him: 'Therefore whosoever slayeth Cain, vengeance shall be taken on him sevenfold.' And the LORD set a sign for Cain, lest any finding him should smite him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.104/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:94 # text = וַיֹּ֧אמֶר ל֣וֹ יְהוָ֗ה לָכֵן֙ כָּל־הֹרֵ֣ג קַ֔יִן שִׁבְעָתַ֖יִם יֻקָּ֑ם וַיָּ֨שֶׂם יְהוָ֤ה לְקַ֙יִן֙ א֔וֹת לְבִלְתִּ֥י הַכּוֹת־אֹת֖וֹ כָּל־מֹצְאֽוֹ׃ # verse = GEN.4.15 1-2 וַיֹּ֧אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_4:15!1|MId=o010040150011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֧אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=GEN_4:15!1|MId=o010040150012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010040150031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 ל֣וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 ל לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_4:15!2|MId=o010040150021|Strong=3807a 4 ֣וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=GEN_4:15!2|MId=o010040150022|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 5 יְהוָ֗ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=GEN_4:15!3|MId=o010040150031|Strong=3068 6-7 לָכֵן֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 לָ לָכֵן ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=GEN_4:15!4|MId=o010040150041|Strong=3807a 7 כֵן֙ כֵּן ADV _ _ 2 conj _ Gloss=|Ref=GEN_4:15!4|MId=o010040150042|Strong=3651 8 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ Gloss=any|Ref=GEN_4:15!5|MId=o010040150051|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 9 הֹרֵ֣ג הָרַג VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=[one.who].kills|Ref=GEN_4:15!6|MId=o010040150061|Strong=2026|Type=participle_active 10 קַ֔יִן קַיִן PROPN _ _ 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Cain|Ref=GEN_4:15!7|MId=o010040150071|Strong=7014 11 שִׁבְעָתַ֖יִם שֶׁבַע NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 12 advmod _ Gloss=sevenfold|Ref=GEN_4:15!8|MId=o010040150081|Strong=7659 12 יֻקָּ֑ם נָקַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HOPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 ccomp _ Gloss=he.will.be.avenged|Ref=GEN_4:15!9|MId=o010040150091|Strong=5358|Frame=A1:010040150061;|Type=yiqtol 13-14 וַיָּ֨שֶׂם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_4:15!10|MId=o010040150101|Strong=2050b 14 יָּ֨שֶׂם שׂים VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.appointed|Ref=GEN_4:15!10|MId=o010040150102|Strong=7760|Frame=A0:010040150111;A1:010040150131;|Type=wayyiqtol 15 יְהוָ֤ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 14 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=GEN_4:15!11|MId=o010040150111|Strong=3068 16-17 לְקַ֙יִן֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=GEN_4:15!12|MId=o010040150121|Strong=3807a 17 קַ֙יִן֙ קַיִן PROPN _ _ 14 obl _ Gloss=Cain|Ref=GEN_4:15!12|MId=o010040150122|Strong=7014 18 א֔וֹת אוֹת NOUN _ Number=Sing 14 obj _ Gloss=a.sign|Ref=GEN_4:15!13|MId=o010040150131|Strong=0226 19-20 לְבִלְתִּ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_4:15!14|MId=o010040150141|Strong=3807a 20 בִלְתִּ֥י בֵּלֶת ADP _ _ 21 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=GEN_4:15!14|MId=o010040150142|Strong=1115 21 הַכּוֹת־ נָכָה VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 14 advcl _ Gloss=to.strike|Ref=GEN_4:15!15|MId=o010040150151|Strong=5221|Frame=A0:010040150162;AA:010040150181;|Type=infinitive_construct|SpaceAfter=No 22-23 אֹת֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=|Ref=GEN_4:15!16|MId=o010040150161|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 23 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 obj _ Gloss=him|Ref=GEN_4:15!16|MId=o010040150162|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 24 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ Gloss=any|Ref=GEN_4:15!17|MId=o010040150171|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 25-26 מֹצְאֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 מֹצְא מָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=[one|Ref=GEN_4:15!18|MId=o010040150181|Strong=4672|Type=participle_active 26 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ Gloss=who].found.him|Ref=GEN_4:15!18|MId=o010040150182|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=GEN_4:15!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | יֻקָּם *he will be avenged* | yiqtol · hophal | | הֹרֵג *\[one who\] kills* | | | | יָּשֶׂם *he appointed* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | אוֹת *a sign* | | | | הַכּוֹת־ *to strike* | infinitive construct · hiphil | וֹ *him* | | | מֹצְא *\[one* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר לֵהּ יְיָ בְּכֵן כָּלּ קָטִיל קַיִן לְשַׁבְעָא דָּרִין יִתְפְּרַע מִנֵּהּ וְשַׁוִּי יְיָ לְקַיִן אָתָא בְּדִיל דְּלָא לְמִקְטַל יָתֵהּ כָּל דִיִשְׁכְּחֻנֵהּ The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the LORD said unto him: 'Therefore whosoever slayeth Cain, vengeance shall be taken on him sevenfold.' And the LORD set a sign for Cain, lest any finding him should smite him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.104/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:94`. - ← previous: [Genesis 4:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.4.14/) - next →: [Genesis 4:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.4.16/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/4/)