--- title: Genesis 42:1 — Now Jacob saw that there was corn in Egypt, and Jacob said unto his… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Now Jacob saw that there was corn in Egypt, and Jacob said unto his sons: 'Why do ye look one upon another?' Who acts: Jacob, corn, ye. Genesis 42:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.42.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 42](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/42/) / 42:1 # Genesis 42:1 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** Jacob, corn, ye · **What happens:** see, be, say, look · **To what, where:** Egypt, one · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 42:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Jacob, corn, ye — and what happens in the verse to Egypt, one, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּ֣רְא יַעֲקֹ֔ב כִּ֥י יֶשׁ־שֶׁ֖בֶר בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יַעֲקֹב֙ לְבָנָ֔יו לָ֖מָּה תִּתְרָאֽוּ׃ [Now Jacob saw that there was corn in Egypt, and Jacob said unto his sons: 'Why do ye look one upon another?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1360/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:1253 # text = וַיַּ֣רְא יַעֲקֹ֔ב כִּ֥י יֶשׁ־שֶׁ֖בֶר בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יַעֲקֹב֙ לְבָנָ֔יו לָ֖מָּה תִּתְרָאֽוּ׃ # verse = GEN.42.1 1-2 וַיַּ֣רְא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_42:1!1|MId=o010420010011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּ֣רְא רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.saw|Ref=GEN_42:1!1|MId=o010420010012|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:010420010021;A1:010420010041;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יַעֲקֹ֔ב יַעֲקֹב PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Jacob|Ref=GEN_42:1!2|MId=o010420010021|Strong=3290 4 כִּ֥י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 5 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=GEN_42:1!3|MId=o010420010031|Strong=3588 5 יֶשׁ־ יֵשׁ ADV _ _ 2 ccomp _ Gloss=there.[was]|Ref=GEN_42:1!4|MId=o010420010041|Strong=3426|Type=demonstrative|SpaceAfter=No 6 שֶׁ֖בֶר שֶׁבֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ Gloss=grain|Ref=GEN_42:1!5|MId=o010420010051|Strong=7668 7-8 בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=GEN_42:1!6|MId=o010420010061|Strong=0871a 8 מִצְרָ֑יִם מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 5 obl _ Gloss=Egypt|Ref=GEN_42:1!6|MId=o010420010062|Strong=4714 9-10 וַיֹּ֤אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_42:1!7|MId=o010420010071|Strong=2050b 10 יֹּ֤אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=GEN_42:1!7|MId=o010420010072|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010420010081;|Type=wayyiqtol 11 יַעֲקֹב֙ יַעֲקֹב PROPN _ _ 10 nsubj _ Gloss=Jacob|Ref=GEN_42:1!8|MId=o010420010081|Strong=3290 12-14 לְבָנָ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_42:1!9|MId=o010420010091|Strong=3807a 13 בָנָ֔י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 obl _ Gloss=sons|Ref=GEN_42:1!9|MId=o010420010092|Strong=1121 14 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=GEN_42:1!9|MId=o010420010093|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 15-16 לָ֖מָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 לָ֖ לָמָה ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=|Ref=GEN_42:1!10|MId=o010420010101|Strong=3807a 16 מָּה מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 17 obl _ Gloss=why?|Ref=GEN_42:1!10|MId=o010420010102|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 17 תִּתְרָאֽוּ רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Plur|Person=2 10 ccomp _ Gloss=are.you.looking.at.one.another|Ref=GEN_42:1!11|MId=o010420010111|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:010420010092;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 18 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 17 punct _ Ref=GEN_42:1!11 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - indirect: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּרְא *he saw* | wayyiqtol · qal | יַעֲקֹב *Jacob* | יֶשׁ־ *there \[was\]* | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | יַעֲקֹב *Jacob* | | | | | תִּתְרָאֽוּ *are you looking at one another* | yiqtol · hithpael | בָנָי *sons* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַחֲזָא יַעֲקֹב אֲרֵי אִית עִיבוּרָא מִזְדַּבַּן בְּמִצְרָיִם וַאֲמַר יַעֲקֹב לִבְנוֹהִי לְמָא תִּתְחֲזוּן The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Now Jacob saw that there was corn in Egypt, and Jacob said unto his sons: 'Why do ye look one upon another?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1360/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:1253`. - ← previous: [Genesis 41:57](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.41.57/) - next →: [Genesis 42:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.42.2/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 42](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/42/)