--- title: Genesis 42:22 — And Reuben answered them, saying: 'Spoke I not unto you, saying: Do… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Reuben answered them, saying: 'Spoke I not unto you, saying: Do not sin against the child; and ye would not hear? therefore also, behold, his blood is required.' Who acts: Reuben, I, ye. Genesis 42:22 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.42.22/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 42](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/42/) / 42:22 # Genesis 42:22 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** Reuben, I, ye · **What happens:** answer, say, not speak, not sin, not hear, require · **To what, where:** words, blood · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 42:22 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Reuben, I, ye — and what happens in the verse to words, blood, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּעַן֩ רְאוּבֵ֨ן אֹתָ֜ם לֵאמֹ֗ר הֲלוֹא֩ אָמַ֨רְתִּי אֲלֵיכֶ֧ם ׀ לֵאמֹ֛ר אַל־תֶּחֶטְא֥וּ בַיֶּ֖לֶד וְלֹ֣א שְׁמַעְתֶּ֑ם וְגַם־דָּמ֖וֹ הִנֵּ֥ה נִדְרָֽשׁ׃ [And Reuben answered them, saying: 'Spoke I not unto you, saying: Do not sin against the child; and ye would not hear? therefore also, behold, his blood is required.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1383/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:1274 # text = וַיַּעַן֩ רְאוּבֵ֨ן אֹתָ֜ם לֵאמֹ֗ר הֲלוֹא֩ אָמַ֨רְתִּי אֲלֵיכֶ֧ם ׀ לֵאמֹ֛ר אַל־תֶּחֶטְא֥וּ בַיֶּ֖לֶד וְלֹ֣א שְׁמַעְתֶּ֑ם וְגַם־דָּמ֖וֹ הִנֵּ֥ה נִדְרָֽשׁ׃ # verse = GEN.42.22 1-2 וַיַּעַן֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_42:22!1|MId=o010420220011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּעַן֩ עָנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.answered|Ref=GEN_42:22!1|MId=o010420220012|Strong=6030|Frame=A0:010420220021;A1:010420220032;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 רְאוּבֵ֨ן רְאוּבֵן PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Reuben|Ref=GEN_42:22!2|MId=o010420220021|Strong=7205 4-5 אֹתָ֜ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=|Ref=GEN_42:22!3|MId=o010420220031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 5 ָ֜ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=GEN_42:22!3|MId=o010420220032|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 6-7 לֵאמֹ֗ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 10 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=GEN_42:22!4|MId=o010420220041|Strong=3807a 7 אמֹ֗ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 6 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=GEN_42:22!4|MId=o010420220042|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010420220021;|Type=infinitive_construct 8-9 הֲלוֹא֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 10 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=GEN_42:22!5|MId=o010420220051|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 9 לוֹא֩ לֹא ADV _ _ 10 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=GEN_42:22!5|MId=o010420220052|Strong=3808|Type=negative 10 אָמַ֨רְתִּי אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 ccomp _ Gloss=did.I.say|Ref=GEN_42:22!6|MId=o010420220061|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010420220021;|Type=qatal 11-12 אֲלֵיכֶ֧ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 אֲלֵי אֶל ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_42:22!7|MId=o010420220071|Strong=0413 12 כֶ֧ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 10 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=GEN_42:22!7|MId=o010420220072|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 13 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 12 punct _ Ref=GEN_42:22!7 14-15 לֵאמֹ֛ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 17 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=GEN_42:22!8|MId=o010420220081|Strong=3807a 15 אמֹ֛ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 14 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=GEN_42:22!8|MId=o010420220082|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010420220021;A1:010420220101;|Type=infinitive_construct 16 אַל־ אַל ADV _ _ 17 advmod _ Gloss=do.not|Ref=GEN_42:22!9|MId=o010420220091|Strong=0408|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 17 תֶּחֶטְא֥וּ חָטָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 10 ccomp _ Gloss=sin|Ref=GEN_42:22!10|MId=o010420220101|Strong=2398|Frame=A0:010420080041;|Type=jussive 18-20 בַיֶּ֖לֶד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=GEN_42:22!11|MId=o010420220111|Strong=0871a 19 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_42:22!11|MId=o010420220111ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 יֶּ֖לֶד יֶלֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=boy|Ref=GEN_42:22!11|MId=o010420220112|Strong=3206 21-22 וְלֹ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_42:22!12|MId=o010420220121|Strong=2050b 22 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 23 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=GEN_42:22!12|MId=o010420220122|Strong=3808|Type=negative 23 שְׁמַעְתֶּ֑ם שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 10 conj _ Gloss=you.listened|Ref=GEN_42:22!13|MId=o010420220131|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:010420080041;|Type=qatal 24-25 וְגַם־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_42:22!14|MId=o010420220141|Strong=2050b 25 גַם־ גַּם ADV _ _ 26 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=GEN_42:22!14|MId=o010420220142|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation 26-27 דָּמ֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 דָּמ דָּם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 nsubj _ Gloss=blood|Ref=GEN_42:22!15|MId=o010420220151|Strong=1818 27 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=GEN_42:22!15|MId=o010420220152|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 28 הִנֵּ֥ה הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 10 conj _ Gloss=here!|Ref=GEN_42:22!16|MId=o010420220161|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 29 נִדְרָֽשׁ דָּרַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing 10 parataxis _ Gloss=[is].required|Ref=GEN_42:22!17|MId=o010420220171|Strong=1875|Frame=A1:010420220151;|Type=participle_active|SpaceAfter=No 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=GEN_42:22!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: yes/no question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּעַן *he answered* | wayyiqtol · qal | רְאוּבֵן *Reuben* | ָם *them* | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | רְאוּבֵן *Reuben* | | | | | **not** אָמַרְתִּי *did I say* | qatal · qal | רְאוּבֵן *Reuben* | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | רְאוּבֵן *Reuben* | תֶּחֶטְאוּ *sin* | | | | **not** תֶּחֶטְאוּ *sin* | jussive · qal | | | | | | **not** שְׁמַעְתֶּם *you listened* | qatal · qal | | | | | | נִדְרָֽשׁ *\[is\] required* | participle active · niphal | | דָּמ *blood* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַאֲתֵיב רְאוּבֵן יָתְהוֹן לְמֵימָר הֲלָא אֲמָרִית לְוָתְכוֹן לְמֵימַר לָא תְחוֹבוּן בְּעוּלֵימָא וְלָא קַבֶּלְתּוּן וְאַף דְּמֵהּ הָא מִתְבְּעֵי The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Reuben answered them, saying: 'Spoke I not unto you, saying: Do not sin against the child; and ye would not hear? therefore also, behold, his blood is required.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1383/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:1274`. - ← previous: [Genesis 42:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.42.21/) - next →: [Genesis 42:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.42.23/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 42](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/42/)