--- title: Genesis 42:37 — And Reuben spoke unto his father, saying: 'Thou shalt slay my two so… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Reuben spoke unto his father, saying: 'Thou shalt slay my two sons, if I bring him not to thee; deliver him into my hand, and I will bring him back to thee.' Who acts: Reuben, Thou, I. Genesis 42:37 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.42.37/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 42](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/42/) / 42:37 # Genesis 42:37 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** Reuben, Thou, I · **What happens:** speak, say, slay, not bring, deliver, bring back · **To what, where:** two sons, Reuben, thee, hand · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 42:37 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Reuben, Thou, I — and what happens in the verse to two sons, Reuben, thee, hand, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֤אמֶר רְאוּבֵן֙ אֶל־אָבִ֣יו לֵאמֹ֔ר אֶת־שְׁנֵ֤י בָנַי֙ תָּמִ֔ית אִם־לֹ֥א אֲבִיאֶ֖נּוּ אֵלֶ֑יךָ תְּנָ֤ה אֹתוֹ֙ עַל־יָדִ֔י וַאֲנִ֖י אֲשִׁיבֶ֥נּוּ אֵלֶֽיךָ׃ [And Reuben spoke unto his father, saying: 'Thou shalt slay my two sons, if I bring him not to thee; deliver him into my hand, and I will bring him back to thee.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1398/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:1289 # text = וַיֹּ֤אמֶר רְאוּבֵן֙ אֶל־אָבִ֣יו לֵאמֹ֔ר אֶת־שְׁנֵ֤י בָנַי֙ תָּמִ֔ית אִם־לֹ֥א אֲבִיאֶ֖נּוּ אֵלֶ֑יךָ תְּנָ֤ה אֹתוֹ֙ עַל־יָדִ֔י וַאֲנִ֖י אֲשִׁיבֶ֥נּוּ אֵלֶֽיךָ׃ # verse = GEN.42.37 1-2 וַיֹּ֤אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_42:37!1|MId=o010420370011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֤אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=GEN_42:37!1|MId=o010420370012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010420370021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 רְאוּבֵן֙ רְאוּבֵן PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Reuben|Ref=GEN_42:37!2|MId=o010420370021|Strong=7205 4 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_42:37!3|MId=o010420370031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 אָבִ֣יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 אָבִ֣י אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=father|Ref=GEN_42:37!4|MId=o010420370041|Strong=0001 6 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=GEN_42:37!4|MId=o010420370042|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 7-8 לֵאמֹ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 13 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=GEN_42:37!5|MId=o010420370051|Strong=3807a 8 אמֹ֔ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 7 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=GEN_42:37!5|MId=o010420370052|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010420370021;|Type=infinitive_construct 9 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=GEN_42:37!6|MId=o010420370061|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 10 שְׁנֵ֤י שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 11 nummod _ Gloss=two|Ref=GEN_42:37!7|MId=o010420370071|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number 11-12 בָנַי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 בָנ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 13 obj _ Gloss=my.sons|Ref=GEN_42:37!8|MId=o010420370081|Strong=1121 12 ַי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=GEN_42:37!8|MId=o010420370082|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 13 תָּמִ֔ית מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=you.will.kill|Ref=GEN_42:37!9|MId=o010420370091|Strong=4191|Frame=AA:010420370041;A0:010420370081;|Type=yiqtol 14 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 16 mark _ Gloss=if|Ref=GEN_42:37!10|MId=o010420370101|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 15 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 16 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=GEN_42:37!11|MId=o010420370111|Strong=3808|Type=negative 16-17 אֲבִיאֶ֖נּוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 אֲבִיא בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 13 parataxis _ Gloss=I|Ref=GEN_42:37!12|MId=o010420370121|Strong=0935|Frame=AA:010420370021;A0:010420370122;|Type=yiqtol 17 ֶ֖נּוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 obj _ Gloss=will.bring.him|Ref=GEN_42:37!12|MId=o010420370122|Strong=5105b|Type=pronominal 18-19 אֵלֶ֑יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 אֵלֶ֑י אֶל ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_42:37!13|MId=o010420370131|Strong=0413 19 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 16 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=GEN_42:37!13|MId=o010420370132|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 20-21 תְּנָ֤ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 תְּנ נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 13 parataxis _ Gloss=put|Ref=GEN_42:37!14|MId=o010420370141|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:010420370041;A1:010420370152;|Type=imperative 21 ָ֤ה ה X _ _ 20 nmod _ Gloss=|Ref=GEN_42:37!14|MId=o010420370142|Strong=1886j|Type=paragogic_he 22-23 אֹתוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=|Ref=GEN_42:37!15|MId=o010420370151|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 23 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 obj _ Gloss=him|Ref=GEN_42:37!15|MId=o010420370152|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 24 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=GEN_42:37!16|MId=o010420370161|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 25-26 יָדִ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 יָד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=hand|Ref=GEN_42:37!17|MId=o010420370171|Strong=3027 26 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=GEN_42:37!17|MId=o010420370172|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 27-28 וַאֲנִ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_42:37!18|MId=o010420370181|Strong=2050b 28 אֲנִ֖י אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=GEN_42:37!18|MId=o010420370182|Strong=0589|Type=personal 29-30 אֲשִׁיבֶ֥נּוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 אֲשִׁיב שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 20 conj _ Gloss=I|Ref=GEN_42:37!19|MId=o010420370191|Strong=7725|Frame=AA:010420370182;A0:010420370192;|Type=yiqtol 30 ֶ֥נּוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 obj _ Gloss=will.bring.him.back|Ref=GEN_42:37!19|MId=o010420370192|Strong=5105b|Type=pronominal 31-32 אֵלֶֽיךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 אֵלֶֽי אֶל ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_42:37!20|MId=o010420370201|Strong=0413 32 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 29 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=GEN_42:37!20|MId=o010420370202|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=GEN_42:37!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - indirect: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | רְאוּבֵן *Reuben* | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | רְאוּבֵן *Reuben* | | | | | תָּמִית *you will kill* | yiqtol · hiphil | בָנ *my sons* | | | אָבִי *father* | | **not** אֲבִיא *I* | yiqtol · hiphil | ֶנּוּ *will bring him* | | | רְאוּבֵן *Reuben* | | תְּנ *put* | imperative · qal | אָבִי *father* | וֹ *him* | | | | אֲשִׁיב *I* | yiqtol · hiphil | ֶנּוּ *will bring him back* | | | אֲנִי *I* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר רְאוּבֵן לְוַת אֲבוּהִי לְמֵימַר יָת תְּרֵין בְּנַי תְּמִית אִם לָא אַיְתִנֵּהּ לְוָתָךְ הַב יָתֵהּ עַל יְדִי וַאֲנָא אֲתֵבִנֵּהּ לָךְ The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Reuben spoke unto his father, saying: 'Thou shalt slay my two sons, if I bring him not to thee; deliver him into my hand, and I will bring him back to thee.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1398/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:1289`. - ← previous: [Genesis 42:36](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.42.36/) - next →: [Genesis 42:38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.42.38/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 42](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/42/)