--- title: Genesis 42:7 — And Joseph saw his brethren, and he knew them, but made himself stra… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Joseph saw his brethren, and he knew them, but made himself strange unto them, and spoke roughly with them; and he said unto them: 'Whence come ye?' And they said: 'From the land of Canaan to buy food.' Who acts: Joseph, ye, brethren. Genesis 42:7 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkel --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.42.7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 42](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/42/) / 42:7 # Genesis 42:7 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** Joseph, ye, brethren · **What happens:** see, know, make, speak, say, come · **To what, where:** brethren, Joseph, land, food · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 42:7 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joseph, ye, brethren — and what happens in the verse to brethren, Joseph, land, food, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּ֥רְא יוֹסֵ֛ף אֶת־אֶחָ֖יו וַיַּכִּרֵ֑ם וַיִּתְנַכֵּ֨ר אֲלֵיהֶ֜ם וַיְדַבֵּ֧ר אִתָּ֣ם קָשׁ֗וֹת וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵהֶם֙ מֵאַ֣יִן בָּאתֶ֔ם וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ כְּנַ֖עַן לִשְׁבָּר־אֹֽכֶל׃ [And Joseph saw his brethren, and he knew them, but made himself strange unto them, and spoke roughly with them; and he said unto them: 'Whence come ye?' And they said: 'From the land of Canaan to buy food.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1368/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:1259 # text = וַיַּ֥רְא יוֹסֵ֛ף אֶת־אֶחָ֖יו וַיַּכִּרֵ֑ם וַיִּתְנַכֵּ֨ר אֲלֵיהֶ֜ם וַיְדַבֵּ֧ר אִתָּ֣ם קָשׁ֗וֹת וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵהֶם֙ מֵאַ֣יִן בָּאתֶ֔ם וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ כְּנַ֖עַן לִשְׁבָּר־אֹֽכֶל׃ # verse = GEN.42.7 1-2 וַיַּ֥רְא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_42:7!1|MId=o010420070011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּ֥רְא רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.saw|Ref=GEN_42:7!1|MId=o010420070012|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:010420070021;A1:010420070041;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יוֹסֵ֛ף יוֹסֵף PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Joseph|Ref=GEN_42:7!2|MId=o010420070021|Strong=3130 4 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=GEN_42:7!3|MId=o010420070031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 אֶחָ֖יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 אֶחָ֖י אָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obj _ Gloss=brothers|Ref=GEN_42:7!4|MId=o010420070041|Strong=0251 6 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=GEN_42:7!4|MId=o010420070042|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 7-9 וַיַּכִּרֵ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_42:7!5|MId=o010420070051|Strong=2050b 8 יַּכִּר נָכַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=GEN_42:7!5|MId=o010420070052|Strong=5234|Frame=AA:010420070021;A0:010420070053;|Type=wayyiqtol 9 ֵ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 obj _ Gloss=recognized.them|Ref=GEN_42:7!5|MId=o010420070053|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 10-11 וַיִּתְנַכֵּ֨ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_42:7!6|MId=o010420070061|Strong=2050b 11 יִּתְנַכֵּ֨ר נָכַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.acted.as.a.stranger|Ref=GEN_42:7!6|MId=o010420070062|Strong=5234a|Frame=A0:010420070021;|Type=wayyiqtol 12-13 אֲלֵיהֶ֜ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 אֲלֵי אֶל ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_42:7!7|MId=o010420070071|Strong=0413 13 הֶ֜ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=GEN_42:7!7|MId=o010420070072|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 14-15 וַיְדַבֵּ֧ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_42:7!8|MId=o010420070081|Strong=2050b 15 יְדַבֵּ֧ר דָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.spoke|Ref=GEN_42:7!8|MId=o010420070082|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:010420070021;|Type=wayyiqtol 16-17 אִתָּ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 אִתּ אֵת ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=GEN_42:7!9|MId=o010420070091|Strong=0854 17 ָ֣ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=GEN_42:7!9|MId=o010420070092|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 18 קָשׁ֗וֹת קָשֶׁה ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 15 advmod _ Gloss=harsh|Ref=GEN_42:7!10|MId=o010420070101|Strong=7186|Type=adjective 19-20 וַיֹּ֤אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_42:7!11|MId=o010420070111|Strong=2050b 20 יֹּ֤אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=GEN_42:7!11|MId=o010420070112|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010420070021;|Type=wayyiqtol 21-22 אֲלֵהֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 אֲל אֶל ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_42:7!12|MId=o010420070121|Strong=0413 22 ֵהֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=GEN_42:7!12|MId=o010420070122|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 23-24 מֵאַ֣יִן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=GEN_42:7!13|MId=o010420070131|Strong=4480 24 אַ֣יִן אַיִן ADV _ _ 25 obl _ Gloss=where?|Ref=GEN_42:7!13|MId=o010420070132|Strong=0370|Type=interrogative 25 בָּאתֶ֔ם בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 20 ccomp _ Gloss=have.you.come|Ref=GEN_42:7!14|MId=o010420070141|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:010420070041;|Type=qatal 26-27 וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_42:7!15|MId=o010420070151|Strong=2050b 27 יֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=GEN_42:7!15|MId=o010420070152|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010420070041;|Type=wayyiqtol 28-29 מֵאֶ֥רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=GEN_42:7!16|MId=o010420070161|Strong=4480 29 אֶ֥רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 27 ccomp _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=GEN_42:7!16|MId=o010420070162|Strong=0776 30 כְּנַ֖עַן כְּנַעַן PROPN _ _ 29 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Canaan|Ref=GEN_42:7!17|MId=o010420070171|Strong=3667 31-32 לִשְׁבָּר־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_42:7!18|MId=o010420070181|Strong=3807a 32 שְׁבָּר־ שָׁבַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 29 advcl _ Gloss=buy|Ref=GEN_42:7!18|MId=o010420070182|Strong=7666|Frame=A0:010420070041;A1:010420070191;|Type=infinitive_construct 33 אֹֽכֶל אֹכֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 obj _ Gloss=food|Ref=GEN_42:7!19|MId=o010420070191|Strong=0400|SpaceAfter=No 34 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 33 punct _ Ref=GEN_42:7!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּרְא *he saw* | wayyiqtol · qal | יוֹסֵף *Joseph* | אֶחָי *brothers* | | | | יַּכִּר *he* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | ֵם *recognized them* | | | יוֹסֵף *Joseph* | | יִּתְנַכֵּר *he acted as a stranger* | wayyiqtol · hithpael | יוֹסֵף *Joseph* | | | | | יְדַבֵּר *he spoke* | wayyiqtol · piel | יוֹסֵף *Joseph* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | יוֹסֵף *Joseph* | | | | | **not** בָּאתֶם *have you come* | qatal · qal | אֶחָי *brothers* | | | | | יֹּאמְרוּ *they said* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֶחָי *brothers* | | | | | שְׁבָּר־ *buy* | infinitive construct · qal | אֶחָי *brothers* | אֹֽכֶל *food* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַחֲזָא יוֹסֵף יָת אֲחוֹהִי וְאִשְׁתְּמוֹדְעִנּוּן וְחַשִּׁיב מָה דְמַלֵּיל לְהוֹן וּמַלִּיל עִמְּהוֹן קַשְׁיָן וַאֲמַר לְהוֹן מְנָן אֲתֵיתוּן וַאֲמָרוּ מֵאַרְעָא דִּכְנַעַן לְמִזְבַּן עִיבוּרָא The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Joseph saw his brethren, and he knew them, but made himself strange unto them, and spoke roughly with them; and he said unto them: 'Whence come ye?' And they said: 'From the land of Canaan to buy food.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1368/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:1259`. - ← previous: [Genesis 42:6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.42.6/) - next →: [Genesis 42:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.42.8/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 42](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/42/)