--- title: Genesis 43:16 — And when Joseph saw Benjamin with them, he said to the steward of hi… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And when Joseph saw Benjamin with them, he said to the steward of his house: 'Bring the men into the house, and kill the beasts, and prepare the meat; for the men shall dine with me at noon.' Who acts: Joseph, men. Genesis 43:16 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pr --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.43.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 43](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/43/) / 43:16 # Genesis 43:16 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** Joseph, men · **What happens:** see, say, bring, kill, prepare, dine · **To what, where:** Benjamin, men, house, beasts, meat · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 43:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joseph, men — and what happens in the verse to Benjamin, men, house, beasts, meat, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּ֨רְא יוֹסֵ֣ף אִתָּם֮ אֶת־בִּנְיָמִין֒ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לַֽאֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־בֵּית֔וֹ הָבֵ֥א אֶת־הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים הַבָּ֑יְתָה וּטְבֹ֤חַ טֶ֙בַח֙ וְהָכֵ֔ן כִּ֥י אִתִּ֛י יֹאכְל֥וּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים בַּֽצָּהֳרָֽיִם׃ [And when Joseph saw Benjamin with them, he said to the steward of his house: 'Bring the men into the house, and kill the beasts, and prepare the meat; for the men shall dine with me at noon.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1416/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:1306 # text = וַיַּ֨רְא יוֹסֵ֣ף אִתָּם֮ אֶת־בִּנְיָמִין֒ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לַֽאֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־בֵּית֔וֹ הָבֵ֥א אֶת־הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים הַבָּ֑יְתָה וּטְבֹ֤חַ טֶ֙בַח֙ וְהָכֵ֔ן כִּ֥י אִתִּ֛י יֹאכְל֥וּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים בַּֽצָּהֳרָֽיִם׃ # verse = GEN.43.16 1-2 וַיַּ֨רְא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_43:16!1|MId=o010430160011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּ֨רְא רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.saw|Ref=GEN_43:16!1|MId=o010430160012|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:010430160021;A1:010430160032;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יוֹסֵ֣ף יוֹסֵף PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Joseph|Ref=GEN_43:16!2|MId=o010430160021|Strong=3130 4-5 אִתָּם֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 אִתּ אֵת ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=GEN_43:16!3|MId=o010430160031|Strong=0854 5 ָם֮ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 ccomp _ Gloss=them|Ref=GEN_43:16!3|MId=o010430160032|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 6 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=GEN_43:16!4|MId=o010430160041|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 7 בִּנְיָמִין֒ בִּנְיָמִן PROPN _ _ 5 nsubj _ Gloss=Benjamin|Ref=GEN_43:16!5|MId=o010430160051|Strong=1144 8-9 וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_43:16!6|MId=o010430160061|Strong=2050b 9 יֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=GEN_43:16!6|MId=o010430160062|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010430160021;|Type=wayyiqtol 10-11 לַֽאֲשֶׁ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 לַֽ לְ ADP _ _ 9 obl _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_43:16!7|MId=o010430160071|Strong=3807a 11 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 13 mark _ Gloss=[the.one].who|Ref=GEN_43:16!7|MId=o010430160072|Strong=0834|Type=relative 12 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=[was].over|Ref=GEN_43:16!8|MId=o010430160081|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 13-14 בֵּית֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 בֵּית בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 acl:relcl _ Gloss=household|Ref=GEN_43:16!9|MId=o010430160091|Strong=1004 14 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=GEN_43:16!9|MId=o010430160092|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 15 הָבֵ֥א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 9 ccomp _ Gloss=bring|Ref=GEN_43:16!10|MId=o010430160101|Strong=0935|Frame=AA:010430160091;A0:010430160122;|Type=imperative 16 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=GEN_43:16!11|MId=o010430160111|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 17-18 הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_43:16!12|MId=o010430160121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 אֲנָשִׁ֖ים אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 obj _ Gloss=men|Ref=GEN_43:16!12|MId=o010430160122|Strong=0376 19-21 הַבָּ֑יְתָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_43:16!13|MId=o010430160131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 בָּ֑יְת בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 obl _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_43:16!13|MId=o010430160132|Strong=1004 21 ָה ה X _ _ 20 nmod _ Gloss=house|Ref=GEN_43:16!13|MId=o010430160133|Strong=1886c|Type=paragogic_he 22-23 וּטְבֹ֤חַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_43:16!14|MId=o010430160141|Strong=2050b 23 טְבֹ֤חַ טָבַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 15 conj _ Gloss=slaughter|Ref=GEN_43:16!14|MId=o010430160142|Strong=2873|Frame=A0:010430160091;A1:010430160151;|Type=imperative 24 טֶ֙בַח֙ טֶבַח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 obj _ Gloss=a.slaughter|Ref=GEN_43:16!15|MId=o010430160151|Strong=2874 25-26 וְהָכֵ֔ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_43:16!16|MId=o010430160161|Strong=2050b 26 הָכֵ֔ן כּוּן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 15 conj _ Gloss=prepare.[it]|Ref=GEN_43:16!16|MId=o010430160162|Strong=3559|Frame=AA:010430160091;A0:010430160151;|Type=imperative 27 כִּ֥י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 30 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=GEN_43:16!17|MId=o010430160171|Strong=3588 28-29 אִתִּ֛י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 אִתּ אֵת ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=GEN_43:16!18|MId=o010430160181|Strong=0854 29 ִ֛י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 30 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=GEN_43:16!18|MId=o010430160182|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 30 יֹאכְל֥וּ אָכַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 15 advcl _ Gloss=they.will.eat|Ref=GEN_43:16!19|MId=o010430160191|Strong=0398|Frame=A0:010430160202;|Type=yiqtol 31-32 הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 32 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_43:16!20|MId=o010430160201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 32 אֲנָשִׁ֖ים אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 30 nsubj _ Gloss=men|Ref=GEN_43:16!20|MId=o010430160202|Strong=0376 33-35 בַּֽצָּהֳרָֽיִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 בַּֽ בְּ ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=GEN_43:16!21|MId=o010430160211|Strong=0871a 34 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 35 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=GEN_43:16!21|MId=o010430160211ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 35 צָּהֳרָֽיִם צָהֳרַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 30 obl _ Gloss=noon(s)|Ref=GEN_43:16!21|MId=o010430160212|Strong=6672a 36 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=GEN_43:16!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּרְא *he saw* | wayyiqtol · qal | יוֹסֵף *Joseph* | ָם *them* | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | יוֹסֵף *Joseph* | | | | | הָבֵא *bring* | imperative · hiphil | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | בֵּית *household* | | טְבֹחַ *slaughter* | imperative · qal | בֵּית *household* | טֶבַח *a slaughter* | | | | הָכֵן *prepare \[it\]* | imperative · hiphil | טֶבַח *a slaughter* | | | בֵּית *household* | | יֹאכְלוּ *they will eat* | yiqtol · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַחֲזָא יוֹסֵף עִמְּהוֹן יָת בִּנְיָמִין וַאֲמַר לְדִי מְמַנָּא עַל בֵּיתֵהּ אָעֵיל יָת גֻּבְרַיָּא לְבֵיתָא וּנְכוֹס נִכְסָתָא וְאַתְקֵין אֲרֵי עִמִּי יֵיכְלוּן גֻּבְרַיָּא בְּשֵׁירוּתָא The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And when Joseph saw Benjamin with them, he said to the steward of his house: 'Bring the men into the house, and kill the beasts, and prepare the meat; for the men shall dine with me at noon.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1416/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:1306`. - ← previous: [Genesis 43:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.43.15/) - next →: [Genesis 43:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.43.17/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 43](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/43/)