--- title: Genesis 43:18 — And the men were afraid, because they were brought into Joseph's hou… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the men were afraid, because they were brought into Joseph's house; and they said: 'Because of the money that was returned in our sacks at the first time are we brought in; that he may seek occasion against us, and fall upon us, and take us for bondmen, and our asses.' Who acts: men, beasts, man --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.43.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 43](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/43/) / 43:18 # Genesis 43:18 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** men, beasts, man · **What happens:** be, bring, say, return, bring in, seek · **To what, where:** beasts, house, money, sacks, we, occasion · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 43:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — men, beasts, man — and what happens in the verse to beasts, house, money, sacks, we, occasion, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּֽירְא֣וּ הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֗ים כִּ֣י הֽוּבְאוּ֮ בֵּ֣ית יוֹסֵף֒ וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ עַל־דְּבַ֤ר הַכֶּ֙סֶף֙ הַשָּׁ֤ב בְּאַמְתְּחֹתֵ֙ינוּ֙ בַּתְּחִלָּ֔ה אֲנַ֖חְנוּ מֽוּבָאִ֑ים לְהִתְגֹּלֵ֤ל עָלֵ֙ינוּ֙ וּלְהִתְנַפֵּ֣ל עָלֵ֔ינוּ וְלָקַ֧חַת אֹתָ֛נוּ לַעֲבָדִ֖ים וְאֶת־חֲמֹרֵֽינוּ׃ [And the men were afraid, because they were brought into Joseph's house; and they said: 'Because of the money that was returned in our sacks at the first time are we brought in; that he may seek occasion against us, and fall upon us, and take us for bondmen, and our asses.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1418/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:1308 # text = וַיִּֽירְא֣וּ הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֗ים כִּ֣י הֽוּבְאוּ֮ בֵּ֣ית יוֹסֵף֒ וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ עַל־דְּבַ֤ר הַכֶּ֙סֶף֙ הַשָּׁ֤ב בְּאַמְתְּחֹתֵ֙ינוּ֙ בַּתְּחִלָּ֔ה אֲנַ֖חְנוּ מֽוּבָאִ֑ים לְהִתְגֹּלֵ֤ל עָלֵ֙ינוּ֙ וּלְהִתְנַפֵּ֣ל עָלֵ֔ינוּ וְלָקַ֧חַת אֹתָ֛נוּ לַעֲבָדִ֖ים וְאֶת־חֲמֹרֵֽינוּ׃ # verse = GEN.43.18 1-2 וַיִּֽירְא֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_43:18!1|MId=o010430180011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּֽירְא֣וּ יָרֵא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.were.afraid|Ref=GEN_43:18!1|MId=o010430180012|Strong=3372|Frame=A0:010430180022;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֗ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הָֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_43:18!2|MId=o010430180021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 אֲנָשִׁ֗ים אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=men|Ref=GEN_43:18!2|MId=o010430180022|Strong=0376 5 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 6 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=GEN_43:18!3|MId=o010430180031|Strong=3588 6 הֽוּבְאוּ֮ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HOPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 advcl _ Gloss=they.were.brought|Ref=GEN_43:18!4|MId=o010430180041|Strong=0935|Frame=A1:010430180022;|Type=qatal 7 בֵּ֣ית בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=the.house|Ref=GEN_43:18!5|MId=o010430180051|Strong=1004 8 יוֹסֵף֒ יוֹסֵף PROPN _ _ 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Joseph|Ref=GEN_43:18!6|MId=o010430180061|Strong=3130 9-10 וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_43:18!7|MId=o010430180071|Strong=2050b 10 יֹּאמְר֗וּ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=GEN_43:18!7|MId=o010430180072|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010430180022;|Type=wayyiqtol 11 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=GEN_43:18!8|MId=o010430180081|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 12 דְּבַ֤ר דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 obl _ Gloss=the.matter|Ref=GEN_43:18!9|MId=o010430180091|Strong=1697 13-14 הַכֶּ֙סֶף֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=GEN_43:18!10|MId=o010430180101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 כֶּ֙סֶף֙ כֶּסֶף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.silver|Ref=GEN_43:18!10|MId=o010430180102|Strong=3701 15-16 הַשָּׁ֤ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 16 mark _ Gloss=[which].came|Ref=GEN_43:18!11|MId=o010430180111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 שָּׁ֤ב שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 14 acl:relcl _ Gloss=back|Ref=GEN_43:18!11|MId=o010430180112|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:010430180102;|Type=participle_active 17-19 בְּאַמְתְּחֹתֵ֙ינוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=GEN_43:18!12|MId=o010430180121|Strong=0871a 18 אַמְתְּחֹתֵ֙י אַמְתַּחַת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 16 obl _ Gloss=sacks|Ref=GEN_43:18!12|MId=o010430180122|Strong=0572 19 נוּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=our|Ref=GEN_43:18!12|MId=o010430180123|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 20-22 בַּתְּחִלָּ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=GEN_43:18!13|MId=o010430180131|Strong=0871a 21 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_43:18!13|MId=o010430180131ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 תְּחִלָּ֔ה תְּחִלָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 16 obl _ Gloss=beginning|Ref=GEN_43:18!13|MId=o010430180132|Strong=8462 23 אֲנַ֖חְנוּ אֲנַחְנוּ PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj _ Gloss=we|Ref=GEN_43:18!14|MId=o010430180141|Strong=0587|Type=personal 24 מֽוּבָאִ֑ים בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HOPHAL|Number=Plur 10 ccomp _ Gloss=[are.being].brought|Ref=GEN_43:18!15|MId=o010430180151|Strong=0935|Frame=A1:010430180141;|Type=participle_passive 25-26 לְהִתְגֹּלֵ֤ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_43:18!16|MId=o010430180161|Strong=3807a 26 הִתְגֹּלֵ֤ל גָּלַל VERB _ HebBinyan=HITHPOLEL 24 advcl _ Gloss=roll.himself|Ref=GEN_43:18!16|MId=o010430180162|Strong=1556|Frame=A0:010430180061;|Type=infinitive_construct 27-28 עָלֵ֙ינוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 עָלֵ֙י עַל ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=GEN_43:18!17|MId=o010430180171|Strong=5921 28 נוּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 26 obl _ Gloss=us|Ref=GEN_43:18!17|MId=o010430180172|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 29-31 וּלְהִתְנַפֵּ֣ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_43:18!18|MId=o010430180181|Strong=2050b 30 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_43:18!18|MId=o010430180182|Strong=3807a 31 הִתְנַפֵּ֣ל נָפַל VERB _ HebBinyan=HITHPAEL 26 conj _ Gloss=throw.himself|Ref=GEN_43:18!18|MId=o010430180183|Strong=5307|Frame=A0:010430180061;|Type=infinitive_construct 32-33 עָלֵ֔ינוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 עָלֵ֔י עַל ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=GEN_43:18!19|MId=o010430180191|Strong=5921 33 נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 31 obl _ Gloss=us|Ref=GEN_43:18!19|MId=o010430180192|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 34-36 וְלָקַ֧חַת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 36 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_43:18!20|MId=o010430180201|Strong=2050b 35 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_43:18!20|MId=o010430180202|Strong=3807a 36 קַ֧חַת לָקַח VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 26 conj _ Gloss=take|Ref=GEN_43:18!20|MId=o010430180203|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:010430180061;A1:010430180212;|Type=infinitive_construct 37-38 אֹתָ֛נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=|Ref=GEN_43:18!21|MId=o010430180211|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 38 ָ֛נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 36 obj _ Gloss=us|Ref=GEN_43:18!21|MId=o010430180212|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 39-40 לַעֲבָדִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 40 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_43:18!22|MId=o010430180221|Strong=3807a 40 עֲבָדִ֖ים עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 36 obl _ Gloss=slaves|Ref=GEN_43:18!22|MId=o010430180222|Strong=5650 41-42 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 43 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_43:18!23|MId=o010430180231|Strong=2050b 42 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 43 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=GEN_43:18!23|MId=o010430180232|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 43-44 חֲמֹרֵֽינוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 חֲמֹרֵֽי חֲמוֹר NOUN _ Number=Plur 36 conj _ Gloss=donkeys|Ref=GEN_43:18!24|MId=o010430180241|Strong=2543 44 נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 43 nmod:poss _ Gloss=our|Ref=GEN_43:18!24|MId=o010430180242|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 45 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 44 punct _ Ref=GEN_43:18!24 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּֽירְאוּ *they were afraid* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | הֽוּבְאוּ *they were brought* | qatal · hophal | | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | יֹּאמְרוּ *they said* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | שָּׁב *back* | participle active · qal | כֶּסֶף *the silver* | | | | | מֽוּבָאִים *\[are being\] brought* | participle passive · hophal | | אֲנַחְנוּ *we* | | | | הִתְגֹּלֵל *roll himself* | infinitive construct · hithpolel | יוֹסֵף *of Joseph* | | | | | הִתְנַפֵּל *throw himself* | infinitive construct · hithpael | יוֹסֵף *of Joseph* | | | | | קַחַת *take* | infinitive construct · qal | יוֹסֵף *of Joseph* | ָנוּ *us* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וּדְחִילוּ גֻּבְרַיָּא אֲרֵי אִתַּעֲלוּ לְבֵית יוֹסֵף וַאֲמָרוּ עַל עֵסַק כַּסְפָּא דְּאִתּוֹתַב בְּטוֹעֲנָנָא בְּקַדְמֵיתָא אֲנַחְנָא מִתַּעֲלִין לְאִתְרַבְרָבָא עֲלָנָא וּלְאִסְתַּקָּפָא עֲלָנָא וּלְמִקְנֵי יָתָנָא לְעַבְדִּין וּלְמִדְבַּר יָת חֲמָרָנָא The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the men were afraid, because they were brought into Joseph's house; and they said: 'Because of the money that was returned in our sacks at the first time are we brought in; that he may seek occasion against us, and fall upon us, and take us for bondmen, and our asses.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1418/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:1308`. - ← previous: [Genesis 43:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.43.17/) - next →: [Genesis 43:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.43.19/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 43](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/43/)