--- title: Genesis 43:3 — And Judah spoke unto him, saying: 'The man did earnestly forewarn us… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Judah spoke unto him, saying: 'The man did earnestly forewarn us, saying: Ye shall not see my face, except your brother be with you. Who acts: Judah, man, Ye, brother. Genesis 43:3 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.43.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 43](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/43/) / 43:3 # Genesis 43:3 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** Judah, man, Ye, brother · **What happens:** speak, say, forewarn, not see, be · **To what, where:** us, face · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 43:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Judah, man, Ye, brother — and what happens in the verse to us, face, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֧אמֶר אֵלָ֛יו יְהוּדָ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר הָעֵ֣ד הֵעִד֩ בָּ֨נוּ הָאִ֤ישׁ לֵאמֹר֙ לֹֽא־תִרְא֣וּ פָנַ֔י בִּלְתִּ֖י אֲחִיכֶ֥ם אִתְּכֶֽם׃ [And Judah spoke unto him, saying: 'The man did earnestly forewarn us, saying: Ye shall not see my face, except your brother be with you.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1402/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:1293 # text = וַיֹּ֧אמֶר אֵלָ֛יו יְהוּדָ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר הָעֵ֣ד הֵעִד֩ בָּ֨נוּ הָאִ֤ישׁ לֵאמֹר֙ לֹֽא־תִרְא֣וּ פָנַ֔י בִּלְתִּ֖י אֲחִיכֶ֥ם אִתְּכֶֽם׃ # verse = GEN.43.3 1-2 וַיֹּ֧אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_43:3!1|MId=o010430030011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֧אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=GEN_43:3!1|MId=o010430030012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010430030031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 אֵלָ֛יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 אֵלָ֛י אֶל ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_43:3!2|MId=o010430030021|Strong=0413 4 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=GEN_43:3!2|MId=o010430030022|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 5 יְהוּדָ֖ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Judah|Ref=GEN_43:3!3|MId=o010430030031|Strong=3063 6-7 לֵאמֹ֑ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 9 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=GEN_43:3!4|MId=o010430030041|Strong=3807a 7 אמֹ֑ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 6 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=GEN_43:3!4|MId=o010430030042|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010430030031;|Type=infinitive_construct 8 הָעֵ֣ד עוּד VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 9 obl:npmod _ Gloss=solemnly.(warn)|Ref=GEN_43:3!5|MId=o010430030051|Strong=5749a|Type=infinitive_absolute 9 הֵעִד֩ עוּד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 ccomp _ Gloss=he.warned|Ref=GEN_43:3!6|MId=o010430030061|Strong=5749a|Frame=A0:010430030082;|Type=qatal 10-11 בָּ֨נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=(in)|Ref=GEN_43:3!7|MId=o010430030071|Strong=0871a 11 ָ֨נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 9 obl _ Gloss=us|Ref=GEN_43:3!7|MId=o010430030072|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 12-13 הָאִ֤ישׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_43:3!8|MId=o010430030081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 אִ֤ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ Gloss=man|Ref=GEN_43:3!8|MId=o010430030082|Strong=0376 14-15 לֵאמֹר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 17 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=GEN_43:3!9|MId=o010430030091|Strong=3807a 15 אמֹר֙ אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 14 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=GEN_43:3!9|MId=o010430030092|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010430030082;|Type=infinitive_construct 16 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 17 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=GEN_43:3!10|MId=o010430030101|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 17 תִרְא֣וּ רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 9 advcl _ Gloss=you.will.see|Ref=GEN_43:3!11|MId=o010430030111|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:010420080041;A1:010430030121;|Type=yiqtol 18-19 פָנַ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 פָנ פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 17 obj _ Gloss=face|Ref=GEN_43:3!12|MId=o010430030121|Strong=6440 19 ַ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=GEN_43:3!12|MId=o010430030122|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 20 בִּלְתִּ֖י בֵּלֶת ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=except|Ref=GEN_43:3!13|MId=o010430030131|Strong=1115 21-22 אֲחִיכֶ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 אֲחִי אָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ Gloss=brother|Ref=GEN_43:3!14|MId=o010430030141|Strong=0251 22 כֶ֥ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=GEN_43:3!14|MId=o010430030142|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 23-24 אִתְּכֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 אִתּ אֵת ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=[is].with|Ref=GEN_43:3!15|MId=o010430030151|Strong=0854 24 ְכֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 17 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=GEN_43:3!15|MId=o010430030152|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 25 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 24 punct _ Ref=GEN_43:3!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוּדָה *Judah* | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | יְהוּדָה *Judah* | | | | | הֵעִד *he warned* | qatal · hiphil | אִישׁ *man* | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | אִישׁ *man* | | | | | **not** תִרְאוּ *you will see* | yiqtol · qal | | פָנ *face* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר לֵהּ יְהוּדָה לְמֵימָר אַסְהָדָא אַסְהֵד בָּנָא גַּבְרָא לְמֵימָר לָא תֶחֱזוּן אַפַּי אֶלָּהֵין כַּד אָחוּכוֹן עִמְּכוֹן The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Judah spoke unto him, saying: 'The man did earnestly forewarn us, saying: Ye shall not see my face, except your brother be with you.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1402/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:1293`. - ← previous: [Genesis 43:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.43.2/) - next →: [Genesis 43:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.43.4/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 43](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/43/)