--- title: Genesis 44:18 — Then Judah came near unto him, and said: 'Oh my lord, let thy servan… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then Judah came near unto him, and said: 'Oh my lord, let thy servant, I pray thee, speak a word in my lord's ears, and let not thine anger burn against thy servant; for thou art even as Pharaoh. Who acts: Judah, I, servant, thou. Genesis 44:18 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.44.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/44/) / 44:18 # Genesis 44:18 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** Judah, I, servant, thou, thine · **What happens:** come, say, let, pray, speak, not let · **To what, where:** servant, thee, word, ears, anger · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 44:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Judah, I, servant, thou, thine — and what happens in the verse to servant, thee, word, ears, anger, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּגַּ֨שׁ אֵלָ֜יו יְהוּדָ֗ה וַיֹּאמֶר֮ בִּ֣י אֲדֹנִי֒ יְדַבֶּר־נָ֨א עַבְדְּךָ֤ דָבָר֙ בְּאָזְנֵ֣י אֲדֹנִ֔י וְאַל־יִ֥חַר אַפְּךָ֖ בְּעַבְדֶּ֑ךָ כִּ֥י כָמ֖וֹךָ כְּפַרְעֹֽה׃ [Then Judah came near unto him, and said: 'Oh my lord, let thy servant, I pray thee, speak a word in my lord's ears, and let not thine anger burn against thy servant; for thou art even as Pharaoh.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1457/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:1342 # text = וַיִּגַּ֨שׁ אֵלָ֜יו יְהוּדָ֗ה וַיֹּאמֶר֮ בִּ֣י אֲדֹנִי֒ יְדַבֶּר־נָ֨א עַבְדְּךָ֤ דָבָר֙ בְּאָזְנֵ֣י אֲדֹנִ֔י וְאַל־יִ֥חַר אַפְּךָ֖ בְּעַבְדֶּ֑ךָ כִּ֥י כָמ֖וֹךָ כְּפַרְעֹֽה׃ # verse = GEN.44.18 1-2 וַיִּגַּ֨שׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_44:18!1|MId=o010440180011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּגַּ֨שׁ נָגַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.drew.near|Ref=GEN_44:18!1|MId=o010440180012|Strong=5066|Frame=A0:010440180031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 אֵלָ֜יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 אֵלָ֜י אֶל ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_44:18!2|MId=o010440180021|Strong=0413 4 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=GEN_44:18!2|MId=o010440180022|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 5 יְהוּדָ֗ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Judah|Ref=GEN_44:18!3|MId=o010440180031|Strong=3063 6-7 וַיֹּאמֶר֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_44:18!4|MId=o010440180041|Strong=2050b 7 יֹּאמֶר֮ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=GEN_44:18!4|MId=o010440180042|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010440180031;|Type=wayyiqtol 8 בִּ֣י בִּי INTJ _ _ 7 ccomp _ Gloss=pardon.me|Ref=GEN_44:18!5|MId=o010440180051|Strong=0994|Type=exhortation 9-10 אֲדֹנִי֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 אֲדֹנ אָדוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 parataxis _ Gloss=my.lord|Ref=GEN_44:18!6|MId=o010440180061|Strong=0113 10 ִי֒ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=GEN_44:18!6|MId=o010440180062|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 11 יְדַבֶּר־ דָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 8 parataxis _ Gloss=may.he.speak|Ref=GEN_44:18!7|MId=o010440180071|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:010440180091;A1:010440180101;|Type=jussive|SpaceAfter=No 12 נָ֨א נָא INTJ _ _ 11 discourse _ Gloss=please|Ref=GEN_44:18!8|MId=o010440180081|Strong=4994|Type=exhortation 13-14 עַבְדְּךָ֤ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 עַבְדּ עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ Gloss=servant|Ref=GEN_44:18!9|MId=o010440180091|Strong=5650 14 ְךָ֤ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=GEN_44:18!9|MId=o010440180092|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 15 דָבָר֙ דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 obj _ Gloss=a.word|Ref=GEN_44:18!10|MId=o010440180101|Strong=1697 16-17 בְּאָזְנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=GEN_44:18!11|MId=o010440180111|Strong=0871a 17 אָזְנֵ֣י אֹזֶן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 11 obl _ Gloss=the.ears|Ref=GEN_44:18!11|MId=o010440180112|Strong=0241 18-19 אֲדֹנִ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 אֲדֹנ אָדוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=my.lord|Ref=GEN_44:18!12|MId=o010440180121|Strong=0113 19 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=GEN_44:18!12|MId=o010440180122|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 20-21 וְאַל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_44:18!13|MId=o010440180131|Strong=2050b 21 אַל־ אַל ADV _ _ 22 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=GEN_44:18!13|MId=o010440180132|Strong=0408|Type=negative 22 יִ֥חַר חָרָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 11 conj _ Gloss=let.it.burn|Ref=GEN_44:18!14|MId=o010440180141|Strong=2734|Frame=A0:010440180151;|Type=jussive 23-24 אַפְּךָ֖ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 אַפּ אַף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ Gloss=anger|Ref=GEN_44:18!15|MId=o010440180151|Strong=0639 24 ְךָ֖ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=GEN_44:18!15|MId=o010440180152|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 25-27 בְּעַבְדֶּ֑ךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=GEN_44:18!16|MId=o010440180161|Strong=0871a 26 עַבְדּ עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=servant|Ref=GEN_44:18!16|MId=o010440180162|Strong=5650 27 ֶ֑ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=GEN_44:18!16|MId=o010440180163|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 28 כִּ֥י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 30 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=GEN_44:18!17|MId=o010440180171|Strong=3588 29-30 כָמ֖וֹךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 כָמ֖וֹ כְּמוֹ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=as|Ref=GEN_44:18!18|MId=o010440180181|Strong=3644 30 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 11 ccomp _ Gloss=you|Ref=GEN_44:18!18|MId=o010440180182|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 31-32 כְּפַרְעֹֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=as|Ref=GEN_44:18!19|MId=o010440180191|Strong=3509a 32 פַרְעֹֽה פַּרְעֹה PROPN _ _ 30 obl _ Gloss=Pharaoh|Ref=GEN_44:18!19|MId=o010440180192|Strong=6547 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=GEN_44:18!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּגַּשׁ *he drew near* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוּדָה *Judah* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוּדָה *Judah* | | | | | יְדַבֶּר־ *may he speak* | jussive · piel | עַבְדּ *servant* | דָבָר *a word* | | | | **not** יִחַר *let it burn* | jussive · qal | אַפּ *anger* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וּקְרֵב לְוָתֵהּ יְהוּדָה וַאֲמַר בְּבָעוּ רִבּוֹנִי יְמַלֵּל כְּעַן עַבְדָּךְ פִּתְגָּמָא קֳדָם רִבּוֹנִי וְלָא יִתְקֵף רוּגְזָךְ בְּעַבְדָּךְ אֲרֵי כְפַרְעֹה כֵּן אָתְּ The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then Judah came near unto him, and said: 'Oh my lord, let thy servant, I pray thee, speak a word in my lord's ears, and let not thine anger burn against thy servant; for thou art even as Pharaoh.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1457/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:1342`. - ← previous: [Genesis 44:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.44.17/) - next →: [Genesis 44:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.44.19/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/44/)