--- title: Genesis 44:20 — And we said unto my lord: We have a father, an old man, and a child… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And we said unto my lord: We have a father, an old man, and a child of his old age, a little one; and his brother is dead, and he alone is left of his mother, and his father loveth him. Who acts: we, brother, father. Genesis 44:20 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.44.20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/44/) / 44:20 # Genesis 44:20 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** we, brother, father · **What happens:** say, have, be, leave, love · **To what, where:** father, lord · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 44:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — we, brother, father — and what happens in the verse to father, lord, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַנֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־אֲדֹנִ֔י יֶשׁ־לָ֙נוּ֙ אָ֣ב זָקֵ֔ן וְיֶ֥לֶד זְקֻנִ֖ים קָטָ֑ן וְאָחִ֨יו מֵ֜ת וַיִּוָּתֵ֨ר ה֧וּא לְבַדּ֛וֹ לְאִמּ֖וֹ וְאָבִ֥יו אֲהֵבֽוֹ׃ [And we said unto my lord: We have a father, an old man, and a child of his old age, a little one; and his brother is dead, and he alone is left of his mother, and his father loveth him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1459/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:1344 # text = וַנֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־אֲדֹנִ֔י יֶשׁ־לָ֙נוּ֙ אָ֣ב זָקֵ֔ן וְיֶ֥לֶד זְקֻנִ֖ים קָטָ֑ן וְאָחִ֨יו מֵ֜ת וַיִּוָּתֵ֨ר ה֧וּא לְבַדּ֛וֹ לְאִמּ֖וֹ וְאָבִ֥יו אֲהֵבֽוֹ׃ # verse = GEN.44.20 1-2 וַנֹּ֙אמֶר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_44:20!1|MId=o010440200011|Strong=2050b 2 נֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=we.said|Ref=GEN_44:20!1|MId=o010440200012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010440190041;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_44:20!2|MId=o010440200021|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 4-5 אֲדֹנִ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 אֲדֹנ אָדוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=lord|Ref=GEN_44:20!3|MId=o010440200031|Strong=0113 5 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=GEN_44:20!3|MId=o010440200032|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 6 יֶשׁ־ יֵשׁ ADV _ _ 2 ccomp _ Gloss=there.[is]|Ref=GEN_44:20!4|MId=o010440200041|Strong=3426|Type=demonstrative|SpaceAfter=No 7-8 לָ֙נוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 ל לְ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_44:20!5|MId=o010440200051|Strong=3807a 8 ָ֙נוּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 6 obl _ Gloss=us|Ref=GEN_44:20!5|MId=o010440200052|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 9 אָ֣ב אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ Gloss=a.father|Ref=GEN_44:20!6|MId=o010440200061|Strong=0001 10 זָקֵ֔ן זָקֵן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 amod _ Gloss=old|Ref=GEN_44:20!7|MId=o010440200071|Strong=2205|Type=adjective 11-12 וְיֶ֥לֶד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_44:20!8|MId=o010440200081|Strong=2050b 12 יֶ֥לֶד יֶלֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 conj _ Gloss=a.child|Ref=GEN_44:20!8|MId=o010440200082|Strong=3206 13 זְקֻנִ֖ים זְקֻנִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.old.age(s)|Ref=GEN_44:20!9|MId=o010440200091|Strong=2208 14 קָטָ֑ן קָטָן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 amod _ Gloss=young|Ref=GEN_44:20!10|MId=o010440200101|Strong=6996|Type=adjective 15-17 וְאָחִ֨יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_44:20!11|MId=o010440200111|Strong=2050b 16 אָחִ֨י אָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ Gloss=brother|Ref=GEN_44:20!11|MId=o010440200112|Strong=0251 17 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=GEN_44:20!11|MId=o010440200113|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 18 מֵ֜ת מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 conj _ Gloss=he.died|Ref=GEN_44:20!12|MId=o010440200121|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:010440200112;|Type=qatal 19-20 וַיִּוָּתֵ֨ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_44:20!13|MId=o010440200131|Strong=2050b 20 יִּוָּתֵ֨ר יָתַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.was.left|Ref=GEN_44:20!13|MId=o010440200132|Strong=3498|Frame=A1:010440200141;|Type=wayyiqtol 21 ה֧וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=GEN_44:20!14|MId=o010440200141|Strong=1931|Type=personal 22-24 לְבַדּ֛וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=he|Ref=GEN_44:20!15|MId=o010440200151|Strong=3807a 23 בַדּ בַּד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=GEN_44:20!15|MId=o010440200152|Strong=0905 24 ֛וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ Gloss=alone|Ref=GEN_44:20!15|MId=o010440200153|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 25-27 לְאִמּ֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_44:20!16|MId=o010440200161|Strong=3807a 26 אִמּ אֵם NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=mother|Ref=GEN_44:20!16|MId=o010440200162|Strong=0517 27 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=GEN_44:20!16|MId=o010440200163|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 28-30 וְאָבִ֥יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_44:20!17|MId=o010440200171|Strong=2050b 29 אָבִ֥י אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ Gloss=father|Ref=GEN_44:20!17|MId=o010440200172|Strong=0001 30 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=GEN_44:20!17|MId=o010440200173|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 31-32 אֲהֵבֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 אֲהֵב אָהֵב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=GEN_44:20!18|MId=o010440200181|Strong=0157|Frame=A0:010440200172;A1:010440200182;|Type=qatal 32 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 obj _ Gloss=loves.him|Ref=GEN_44:20!18|MId=o010440200182|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=GEN_44:20!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נֹּאמֶר *we said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | מֵת *he died* | qatal · qal | אָחִי *brother* | | | | | יִּוָּתֵר *he was left* | wayyiqtol · niphal | | הוּא *he* | | | | אֲהֵב *he* | qatal · qal | אָבִי *father* | ֽוֹ *loves him* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַאֲמַרְנָא לְרִבּוֹנִי אִית לָנָא אַבָּא סָבָא וּבַר סִיבְתִין זְעֵיר וְאָחוּהִי מִית וְאִשְׁתָּאַר הוּא בִלְחוֹדוֹהִי לְאִמֵּהּ וַאֲבוּהִי רְחִים לֵהּ The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And we said unto my lord: We have a father, an old man, and a child of his old age, a little one; and his brother is dead, and he alone is left of his mother, and his father loveth him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1459/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:1344`. - ← previous: [Genesis 44:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.44.19/) - next →: [Genesis 44:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.44.21/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/44/)