--- title: Genesis 44:23 — And thou saidst unto thy servants: Except your youngest brother come… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And thou saidst unto thy servants: Except your youngest brother come down with you, ye shall see my face no more. Who acts: thou, youngest brother, ye. Genesis 44:23 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.44.23/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/44/) / 44:23 # Genesis 44:23 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** thou, youngest brother, ye · **What happens:** say, come down, see · **To what, where:** face · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 44:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — thou, youngest brother, ye — and what happens in the verse to face, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־עֲבָדֶ֔יךָ אִם־לֹ֥א יֵרֵ֛ד אֲחִיכֶ֥ם הַקָּטֹ֖ן אִתְּכֶ֑ם לֹ֥א תֹסִפ֖וּן לִרְא֥וֹת פָּנָֽי׃ [And thou saidst unto thy servants: Except your youngest brother come down with you, ye shall see my face no more.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1462/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:1347 # text = וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־עֲבָדֶ֔יךָ אִם־לֹ֥א יֵרֵ֛ד אֲחִיכֶ֥ם הַקָּטֹ֖ן אִתְּכֶ֑ם לֹ֥א תֹסִפ֖וּן לִרְא֥וֹת פָּנָֽי׃ # verse = GEN.44.23 1-2 וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_44:23!1|MId=o010440230011|Strong=2050b 2 תֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=you.said|Ref=GEN_44:23!1|MId=o010440230012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010440220031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_44:23!2|MId=o010440230021|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 4-5 עֲבָדֶ֔יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 עֲבָדֶ֔י עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=servants|Ref=GEN_44:23!3|MId=o010440230031|Strong=5650 5 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=GEN_44:23!3|MId=o010440230032|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 6 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 8 mark _ Gloss=if|Ref=GEN_44:23!4|MId=o010440230041|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 7 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 8 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=GEN_44:23!5|MId=o010440230051|Strong=3808|Type=negative 8 יֵרֵ֛ד יָרַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 16 advcl _ Gloss=he.will.come.down|Ref=GEN_44:23!6|MId=o010440230061|Strong=3381|Frame=A0:010440230071;|Type=yiqtol 9-10 אֲחִיכֶ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 אֲחִי אָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ Gloss=brother|Ref=GEN_44:23!7|MId=o010440230071|Strong=0251 10 כֶ֥ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=GEN_44:23!7|MId=o010440230072|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 11-12 הַקָּטֹ֖ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=GEN_44:23!8|MId=o010440230081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 קָּטֹ֖ן קָטֹן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 amod _ Gloss=young|Ref=GEN_44:23!8|MId=o010440230082|Strong=6996a|Type=adjective 13-14 אִתְּכֶ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 אִתּ אֵת ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=GEN_44:23!9|MId=o010440230091|Strong=0854 14 ְכֶ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 8 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=GEN_44:23!9|MId=o010440230092|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 15 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 16 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=GEN_44:23!10|MId=o010440230101|Strong=3808|Type=negative 16-17 תֹסִפ֖וּן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 תֹסִפ֖וּ יָסַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=you|Ref=GEN_44:23!11|MId=o010440230111|Strong=3254|Frame=A0:010440230031;|Type=yiqtol 17 ן נ X _ _ 16 nmod _ Gloss=will.repeat|Ref=GEN_44:23!11|MId=o010440230112|Strong=4993b|Type=paragogic_nun 18-19 לִרְא֥וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_44:23!12|MId=o010440230121|Strong=3807a 19 רְא֥וֹת רָאָה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 16 advcl _ Gloss=see|Ref=GEN_44:23!12|MId=o010440230122|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:010440230031;A1:010440230131;|Type=infinitive_construct 20-21 פָּנָֽי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 פָּנ פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 19 obj _ Gloss=face|Ref=GEN_44:23!13|MId=o010440230131|Strong=6440 21 ָֽי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=GEN_44:23!13|MId=o010440230132|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 22 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 21 punct _ Ref=GEN_44:23!13 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - indirect: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תֹּאמֶר *you said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | **not** יֵרֵד *he will come down* | yiqtol · qal | אֲחִי *brother* | | | | | **not** תֹסִפוּ *you* | yiqtol · hiphil | עֲבָדֶי *servants* | | | | | רְאוֹת *see* | infinitive construct · qal | עֲבָדֶי *servants* | פָּנ *face* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַאֲמַרְתָּ לְעַבְדָּיךְ אִם לָא יֵחוֹת אֲחוּכוֹן זְעֵירָא עִמְּכוֹן לָא תוֹסְפוּן לְמֶחֱזֵי אַפָּי The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And thou saidst unto thy servants: Except your youngest brother come down with you, ye shall see my face no more.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1462/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:1347`. - ← previous: [Genesis 44:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.44.22/) - next →: [Genesis 44:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.44.24/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/44/)